1. What is second law of thermodynamics? (you know the answer, whether you know it or not) “All matter tends toward lowest energy and highest disorder”

2. Q. What is life? A. Information which uses captures energy to battle the second law of thermodynamics

3. Order (Polymers)

4. Figure 5.17 Conformation of a protein, the enzyme lysozyme

5. Figure 5.18 The primary structure of a protein

6. Figure 1.5x DNA

7. Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain

8. DNA The information storehouse RNA Information Transfer tools Protein Working Cellular Machinery

9. Figure 17.3 The triplet code

10. DNA

11. Figure 19.x1a Chromatin

12. Figure 19.x1b Chromatin, detail

13. Thinking about the human genome 3.2X10 9 bp If each base were one mm long… 2000 miles, across the center of Africa

14. DNA Replication (DNA -> DNA)

15. Figure 16.6 Base pairing in DNA

16. Figure 16.12 The two strands of DNA are antiparallel

17. 3D Model

18. Figure 16.11 Incorporation of a nucleotide into a DNA strand

19. DNA Replication Animation

20. Thinking about the human genome 3.2X109 bp If each base were one mm long… 2000 miles, across the center of Africa Average gene about 30 meters long Occur about every 270 meters between them Once spliced the message would only be ~1meter long

21. Only 1.5% actually codes for protein About 10% falls in exons 50% is high copy number repeats

22. RNA

23. Transcription (DNA -> RNA)

24. Transcription Animation

25. Figure 17.9 RNA processing: RNA splicing

26. Figure 17.11 Correspondence between exons and protein domains

27. Figure 17.3 The triplet code

28. Translation (RNA -> Protein)

29. Figure 17.22 Coupled transcription and translation in bacteria

30. Table 17.1 Types of RNA in a Eukaryotic Cell 3 Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)- carries information to be translated into amino acid sequences to the ribosome Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)- the working “spine” of the ribosome Transfer RNA (tRNA)- the “decoder keys” that will translate nucleic acids to amino acids.

31. Figure 17.4 The dictionary of the genetic code

32. Figure 17.0 Ribosome

33. Figure 17.13b The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)

34. Figure 17.14 An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins a specific amino acid to a tRNA

35. Translation Animation

36. Figure 17.23 The molecular basis of sickle-cell disease: a point mutation

37. Figure 17.25 A summary of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell

38. Figure 18.7x1 HIV infection

39. CD4 Gene Structure in the Human Genome

40. Figure 19.9 A model for enhancer action

42. 2003 saw 5 million new HIV cases 3 million deaths from HIV Asia, Latin America

43. Figure 18.7x2 Couple at AIDS quilt