1. Reference Architecture for Enterprise Integration CIMOSA GRAI/GIM PERA Dima Nazzal

2. Definitions Enterprise: a complex set of business processes that can be designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives. Enterprise integration ( agile manufacturing, business process reengineering, CIM): The coordination of the operation of all elements of the enterprise working together in order to achieve the optimal fulfillment of the mission of that enterprise as defined by enterprise management. 1 Architecture: A description (often graphical) of the structure of something 1. A structured plan, a framework on the basis of which a product or an organization of an enterprise can be constructed 2

3. Definitions Reference model: a general model that can be used as a base to derive other models from. Reference Architecture: is a structured set of models which represent the building blocks of the system. 3 Enterprise Integration Reference Architecture: is a framework in which enterprise related concepts are organized. The most known reference architectures are: CIMOSA, GRAI-GIM and PERA

4. The Enterprise Model Requirements The enterprise model which fits the specific objectives of the particular enterprise should: identify the different processes in the enterprise. contain the machines, the information, the transfer of information, the human involvement and the functions that have to be carried out. address design activities, manufacturing processes, the way materials are ordered, moved and transformed into products.

5. Enterprise Modeling Enterprise modeling has to fulfill several requirements to achieve efficient and effective enterprise integration: provide a modeling language easily understood by non-IT professionals, but sufficient for modeling complex industrial environments. provide a modeling framework which:  covers the life cycle of enterprise operation from requirements definition to end of life.  enables focus on different aspects of enterprise operation by hiding those parts of the model not relevant for the particular point of view.  supports re-usability of models or model parts

6. Open System Architecture for CIM - CIMOSA In 1985, the ESPRIT Consortium AMICE started to work on the definition and specification of a CIM architecture for enterprise integration. CIMOSA (completed in 1996) is pre- modeling solution which provides a framework based on the system life cycle concept

7. CIMOSA CIMOSA Reference Architecture supports the description of the enterprise, from the management level to the shop floor level CIMOSA consists of: Enterprise modeling framework (reference architecture) Enterprise modeling language Integrating infrastructure

8. CIMOSA Enterprise RA

9. CIMOSA Enterprise Modeling Constructs ( building blocks)

10. CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling Domains with interacting Domain Processes

11. CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

12. Decomposition of a Domain Process into Business Processes and Enterprise Activities

13. CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

14. Domain Process Representation as a network of Enterprise Activities

15. CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

16. Functional Operations executed by Functional Entities (Resources)

17. CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling FO1: set down vehicle FO2: clasp the lot FO3: pull up vehicle FE1: vehicle controller XXX

18. CIMOSA Integrating Infrastructure The Integrating Infrastructure provides a set of service entities for model engineering and enterprise operation control.

19. Relations between the Enterprise System Life Cycle and the progress of the modeling process

20. GIM-GRAI Integrated Methodology Developed by the laboratory for automation and production at the university of Bordeaux- France since 1970’s. GIM is composed of the following elements: GRAI conceptual model: a representation of basic concepts of a manufacturing system decomposed into three sub-systems: physical system, decision and information system. GIM modeling framework (RA) with three dimensions: views, life cycle, and abstraction level. GIM structured approach: guide to show how to perform analysis and design of the manufacturing system in three main phases: analysis, user-oriented design, and technical- oriented design. GIM modeling formalisms (languages): GRAI grid and GRAI nets for decision system modeling, IDEF0 and stock/resource for physical system modeling, ER for information system modeling, IDEF0 for functional system modeling.

21. GIM Conceptual Model

22. GIM Modeling Framework and RA

23. GIM Structured Approach

24. GIM Modeling Formalisms

25. Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture - PERA PERA was developed at Purdue University during the period 1989-91. The simplifying concepts of systems engineering in enterprise integration The mission Separation of functions Networks of tasks The place of the human The life cycle Planning and organization of the integration effort (the master plan)

26. PERA - Enterprise Integration Project Phases PhaseTitleDescription 1Identification of the Enterprise Business Identity and boundaries of the enterprise 2 Project ConceptMission, vision and values Operational policies 3 Project DefinitionIdentify requirements, tasks and modules Develop flow diagram or other models of the Enterprise Entity 4 Project Specification or Preliminary Design Identify human tasks, initial choice and specification of human organization Identify information and control equipment and mission fulfillment equipment The master plan

27. PERA - Enterprise Integration Project Phases PhaseTitleDescription 5 Completion of all detailed design needed for construction phase Detailed design of human and organizational information, control, customer product and service components of the enterprise 6 Implementation,test and commissioning phase Conversion of detailed design to actual plant elements, testing, operational trials and acceptance or commissioning 7 Operations phaseThe enterprise is carrying out its mission 8 DecommissioningEnterprise has come to the end of its economic life

28. PERA RA

29. PERA- Models and tools involved at each phase of the life cycle

30. GERAM The IFAC/IFIP Task Force on Architectures for Enterprise Integration was formed by IFAC (The International Federation of Automatic Control) and IFIP (The International Federation for Information Processing) in August 1990. The Task Force objective was to contribute a single, universally accepted architecture, framework, or model for enterprise integration. They developed the architectural specification GERAM (Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology). Task Force recognized three RA: CIMOSA GRAI-GIM PERA The "matrix" model for GERAM was developed by combining the distinctive characteristics of each of three studied architectures into one diagram.

31. Components of the GERAM Framework

33. Comments on CIMOSA likedDid not like Structuring of RA into generic and partial modeling levels Support for function, information, resource, and organization modeling views. Specifying the processes and exchange of information using domain processes, events, and object views. Constructs definitions are not very clear. Requirements definition level modeling is not well defined No reference models to design the system

34. Comments on GIM-GRAI LikedDid not like Addition of the decisional view. Some reference models have been developed Requirements definition level modeling is not well defined.

35. Comments on PERA LikedDid not like The focus on preparing the master plan Emphasis on defining the role of human covers all phases of the enterprise life cycle lack of modeling formalisms. methodology is not clearly defined

36. References 1. T. J. Williams. 1998. “PERA and GERAM – Enterprise Reference Architecture for Enterprise Integration”. iies.www.ecn.purdue.edu/IIES/PLAIC/PERA-GERAM_10-98.pdf 2. http://cimosa.cnt.pl/Docs/Primer/primer0.htm http://cimosa.cnt.pl/Docs/Primer/primer0.htm 3. D. Chen, B. Vallespir and G. Doumeingts. 1997. “GRAI integrated methodology and its mapping onto generic enterprise reference architecture and methodology” Computers in Industry. V33 p387-394. 4. G. Doumeingts B. Vallespir, and D. Chen. 1995. “Methodologies for designing CIM systems: A survey”. V25 p263-280 5. http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~bernus/taskforce/geram/versions /geram1-6-3/v1.6.3.html