1. The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Lower the barrier for users to remix the output of services. Theo van Veen, ELAG 2006, April 26

2. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Overview Goals Trends in information retrieval How do we enhance integration Explanation of the concept of service integration Demonstration of one solution (Ajax) What data and service providers can do Remaining issues

3. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Goals Improve sharing of information and services Bring enriched information within reach of a mouse click Lower implementation barriers to create new functionality by combining existing services Enhance personalization: user chooses which services to integrate

4. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Some trends in information retrieval Web 2.0: Let users (re)mix information and services from others and themselves in their own way Ajax (Asynchronous, Javascript and XML): Simultaneous requests can be sent from a web page to multiple targets. Results are retrieved asynchronously without freezing the screen and are dynamically transformed (and mixed) to new web pages.

5. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 How to enhance integration By: standardisation of access to services publishing standard service descriptions creating services registries But also by: describing the non-standard world as it is to make use of what is available now to facilitate the standardisation process combining (the best of) different native standards to evolve into new ones describing relations between services and the metadata that might trigger those services !

6. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Extrapolation of OpenURL concept OpenURL: Vendor specific knowledge base how to access services User is linked to OpenURL resolver providing links Links to services are controlled by user’s institution Towards (expected): Service providers publish all their services User selects preferred services stored in a personal knowledge base User controlled criteria for invoking the service Direct linking to service, automatic or on user request, based on user’s preferences, skipping the OpenURL resolver

7. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 The components of a new concept Any web page, for example showing results of a search The services: any application that can be invoked by an URL The user agent, which can be: A browser extension (Firefox) A portal running in the browser (Ajax) A server side application that intercepts user requests and service responses An OpenURL link resolver A knowledge base containing information on services, how to access those services, which metadata should trigger a link and the user preferences with respect to handling services

8. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Service B 4. Modify presentation and add links e.g. to service B Service A 1. Request and response Knowledge Base 3. Lookup metadata and services User agent 2. Interpretation of response from service A 5. Request with output from service A as input Output from service A gets link to service B Description of service B Schematic illustration of the concept

9. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Demonstration of concept: add image search for creator field HTML: This html pages demonstrates how the field " Shakespeare " can be processed by a user agent. Search images of this person in Google

10. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 COinS (Context Object in Spans) HTML tag to be recognized as OpenURL metadata object. Example: Usage: mainly OpenURL resolution in combination with browser extension (bookmarklet, greasemonkey) that can change the behavior of the Benefits: works in most browsers because it makes use of standard HTML tags and attributes Disadvantage: assumes OpenURL aware services

11. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Normal response form Google Scholar

12. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 OpenURL link added by user agent to Google Scholar response

13. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 (semi-)automatic invocation of a SRU search

14. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 When found the link is changed

15. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Activation of another link

16. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 When it is NOT found the link remains an OpenURL link Response of the user’s OpenURL server when clicking the link

17. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 TEL Use XSL and Javascript to create a search page Transform XML collection descriptions using XSL User query is sent via SRU to all targets... Z39.50 targets will use a Z39.50-SRU gateway For Z39.50 not under our control... … a central gateway will be provided XSL and Javascript Add your own functionality and collection descriptions gatewa y Native protocol SRU Integration is in your browser! Ajax: Asynchronous, Javascript and XML XML collection descriptions (SRU) XML knowledge base XSL user agent SRU SOAP http GET http POST

18. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 The knowledge database Combination of: Machine readable descriptions of service behavior and how to access services: URL URL syntax Request parameters Fixed parameters User interaction Access mechanism (POST, GET, SOAP) Services in relation to metadata elements Which metadata field triggers which services? How does it trigger the service? Demo of Ajax portal

19. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0

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26. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 With a little bit of imagination (work to be done) Services can be triggered by more complex criteria rather than the presence of a single metadata field in a structured metadata record Services can be activated in the background and only appear when there is something to show rather than bothering the user in advance Services can trigger other services, for example from location to coordinates to display on a map Web pages can be analyzed (semi-automatically) to discover potential services and generate new service descriptions to be added to the service descriptions (like favorites) By formalization of service descriptions users or user agents may exchange “working” service descriptions

27. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 From service description to development of a standard 1.Describe input and output of different services that do the same thing 2.Describe common parameters 3.Recognize parameters that describe the differences between services and their extra options 4.A good generic formal description of different services with native protocols almost specifies a standard or a universal interface to these services Describing non-standardized services in a knowledge base will facilitate the standardization process and the integration (automatic invocation) of services.

28. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 What can data/service providers do? Provide machine readable output (XML) Semantic tagging of HTML pages to recognize metadata in web pages (e.g. COinS, unAPI) Prevent the need for complex interpretation of output, be tolerant with respect to input to make it easy to use output from services and to generate input into services Use existing standards or create new ones analogue to existing ones (e.g. SRU) Provide service descriptions for any service that is usable in this context at a standard location e.g.: http://your.host/services.xml and searchable by Google http://your.host/services.xml Create registries with generic service descriptions

29. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Issues Are providers willing to provide machine readable data without branding? Even with semantic tagging there is a possibility that user agents will hide branding information Still much variation in the encoding of metadata Security issue with mixing and merging services from different domains in the browser Providers may not be aware that they are offering services that are useful for integration Providers and institutions may not yet be ready for Web 2.0 (protection of their data)

30. Koninklijke Bibliotheek – National Library of the NetherlandsELAG 2006, Bucharest The KB on its way to Web 2.0 Thanks Email: theo.vanveen@kb.nl