1. SPORTS INJURIES

2. Chronic and Acute  Chronic injuries are caused by continuous stress over a long period of time  i.e. Golfers elbow, tennis elbow, shin splints  Acute are caused by sudden stress  i.e. Fractures, strains, sprains, concussion

3. How to prevent injuries  Use correct equipment / clothing  Environment  Correct technique  Rules / officials  Warm up / cool down  Equal opponents

4. Soft Tissue  OPEN or CLOSED  Open – skin damaged i.e. Cuts, blisters, grazes  Closed – no external bleeding i.e. Bruises, strains, sprains, dislocations, cartilage damage

5. Hard Tissue  Bone damage  OPEN (compound) or CLOSED (simple)  Usually accompanied by bruising and swelling (vessel damage)  Lots of pain (damaged nerves)

6. Stress Fractures  Most bone injuries are acute  Stress fracture is Chronic and is a crack along the length of the bone  Shin splints are a form of stress fractures.

7. Joint Injuries The knee Joint is a common place for an injury to occur. What other joints are common for injuries? Using the diagram of the knee joint indicate where injuries could happen? What sports are they more likely in? What treatment should be carried out?

8. Categories of injuries  SOFT TISSUE / HARD TISSUE  OPEN / CLOSED  ACUTE / CHRONIC Examples A closed hard tissue injury… An open soft tissue injury… A closed soft tissue injury… An acute soft tissue injury… A chronic hard tissue injury…

9. Treatment – soft tissue  Rest – stop immediately  Ice – blood vessels contract to stop further swelling  Compression – reduce swelling (not too tight)  Elevation – blood flow reduced as working against gravity

10. Treatment – fractures /dislocations  Do not move the casualty  Call for medical assistance  Do not use RICE  Immobilise the limb if possible  Ensure the casualty is comfortable / warm  Stay with them in case of shock  Do not put any pressure on the part / joint

11. Other injuries  Concussion – put player into recovery position if unconscious, if not pass on advice for delayed concussion  Complete the crossword on ‘other injuries’ using the words at the bottom of the sheet  Tip – Heat Exhaustion is followed by Heat stroke (which is more severe)

12. Hypothermia / Dehydration  Hypothermia – body temp falls below 35ºC Exposed to extreme cold – mountain climbExposed to extreme cold – mountain climb Pulse rate slower - result in unconsciousnessPulse rate slower - result in unconsciousness Re-warming start from the body coreRe-warming start from the body core  Dehydration – water loss through sweat, urine, breathing (lose electrolytes) Can lead to liver glycogen deficiency and low blood glucose levelsCan lead to liver glycogen deficiency and low blood glucose levels

13. Unconsciousness and emergency procedures  How it happens – blow to the head, heart attack, fainting, stroke, shock, asphyxia  When? Impact with something, raising pulse too high, blocking or compressing the wind pipe  What to do – send for medical help and put in recovery position

14. D R A B C  Danger – are you or the casualty in danger  Response – talk to casualty  Airway - is it clear, tilt head back  Breathing – check chest rising, use cheek to feel for breath  Circulation – check for pulse

15. Recovery position  Teacher demonstration of recovery  Pupils pair up to practice

16. CPR Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation  This procedure is made up of Mouth to Mouth and Cardiac massage  Mouth to mouth is only used if the casualty has a pulse and is NOT breathing  If they have NO pulse you need to add cardiac massage

17. What to do?  Using the following words fill in the blanks to complete the worksheet on Mouth to Mouth and Cardiac Massage