1. Scholarship 2.0 Gideon Burton Asst. Prof. of English Assoc. Editor, BYU Studies Presentation to HBLL Faculty Council March 23, 2007

2. Scriptorium Media Evolution

3. Printing Press

4. Media Evolution Computer

5. The Library and the Book No longer the beginning or ending point for scholarship

6. A Need for Change “As with individuals, universities also quickly face obsolescence when they fail to continue to change, grow, and adapt to their new and often rapidly different environments.” –Pres. Cecil Samuelson (“A More Excellent Way: A Changing BYU in a Changing World” 8/24/04)

7. Key Changes to Scholarship Research Methods How Scholarship is Created How Scholarship is Reviewed How Scholarship is Communicated How Scholarship is Preserved

8. Books Articles in print journals Library Conferences Scholarship 1.0

9. Print oriented Distinct roles  Scholars  Publishers  Librarians

10. Scholarly Research:Labs, Libraries, Archives Scholarly Output:Books and Articles Peer Review:Part of Academic Publishing Scholarly Communication:Journals and Conferences Preservation of Scholarship:Libraries and Archives Scholarship 1.0

11. Wordprocessing Stand alone Databases Electronic Library Catalogue Design software for publishers Scholarship 1.1 (late 1980s)

12. Digitization of print scholarship  More access to secondary materials Commercial / Online Scholarly Databases  More access to primary and secondary materials Email and Email Lists  Delivery medium for exchanging ideas/manuscripts  Online scholarly communities Scholarship 1.5 (1990s)

13. Websites and Hypertext  Research (Internet becomes primary research tool)  Library catalogues accessible through web browser  Databases worldwide available online  Finding Aids & Subject Portals through web links  Scholarly Communication  Online presence for scholarly societies  Calls for Papers and Conferences  Conference Programs or Proceedings online  Self-publishing of traditional and hypertext scholarship Scholarship 1.5 (1990s)

14. Digital Tools Blend Scholarship 1.0 Roles  Libraries put archival material online  Archiving becomes publishing  Academic publishers archive back issues, create databases, subject portals  Publishing becomes archiving  Scholars create websites  Academic publishing bypasses academic publishers  Parascholarship by the Public Scholarship 1.5 (1990s)

15. Toward Scholarship 2.0 Scholarship 1.0 (books & articles) Scholarship 1.1:.wpd.doc Scholarship 1.5:.html.pdf Scholarship 2.0:.xml.rss

16. The Digital Incunabular Period New genres New roles & relationships New conventions

17. The Digital Incunabular Period New genres New roles & relationships New conventions

18. PDF Documents

19. Emerging Digital Genres E-book Collections Digital Scholarly Editions Subject Gateways / Thematic Research Collections Databases “Born Digital” and “Social Media” genres:  Wiki  Weblog  Podcast

20. Wikis A website that allows anyone visiting the site to add, remove, or otherwise edit content, quickly and easily. Wiki software catalogs all prior versions, and are sometimes moderated. Wikis are tools for pooling knowledge and for collaborative writing.

21. Blogs

22. Podcasts

23. The Digital Incunabular Period New genres New roles & relationships New conventions

24. New Roles for Academic Libraries Brokers of digital knowledge, not just curators of the printed scholarly record Archiving as publishing Digital collaboration with faculty, consortia Keepers of the “Institutional Repository” Metadata and markup, not just cataloging

25. New Relationships Scholars Librarians Academic Presses & Journals

26. Overlapping Roles Organizing Knowledge PublishingArchiving

27. The Digital Incunabular Period New genres New roles & relationships New conventions

28. The Digital Incunabular Period

29. Digital Conventions PDF (Portable Document Format) HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) XML (Extensible Markup Language) RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

30. Digital Conventions Web 1.0 PDF (Portable Document Format) HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Web 2.0 XML (Extensible Markup Language) RSS (Really Simple Syndication)

31. The Internet is Evolving

32. Web 1.0 / Web 2.0 Web 1.0 Static and passive Web as delivery medium Monologue Limited feedback (email comments passively allowed) Searching Web 2.0 Dynamic and active Web builds and sustains communities Dialogue Content co-developed with online community Syndicating

33. Web 1.0 / Web 2.0 Web 1.0 Taxonomy / Set categories Websites and databases as “information silos” (isolated, restricted to original presentation form and location) Web 2.0 Folksonomy (“tagging”) Websites and databases marked with metadata and structured with XML (available for intelligent repurposing, reformatting, or combining with other digital resources)

34. Web 2.0 Dynamic web resources  Push/broadcast content via RSS feeds  Readers as authors, reviewers, collaborators  Social software enabled  Wikis  Blogs and Comments  Shared Feeds

35. What is Changing for Scholars? How research is conducted  Electronic searching vs. going to libraries  Access to primary texts  Online communities (email lists, online organizations, weblogs, wikis, subject gateways) How scholars present findings to peers  Calls for papers online  Changes to conference presentations (exchanging papers ahead of time, use of multimedia)  Telepresence (meetings, conferences conducted online)  Preliminary publications online (gray papers; blogs) How manuscripts are vetted  Quicker turnaround  Open peer-review  Collaborations with publishers

36. What is Changing for Scholars? How scholarship is published  Electronic versions of conventional journals (increasing use of multimedia)  New formats: PDF / hypertext / PowerPoint / Podcasts  Co-publication (print and online versions)  By a journal, professional organization, self, home institution, repository How publications are preserved and re-used  Electronic archives (open access or fee-based)  Re-use by scholar, by institution, by organization, etc. Who owns / controls one’s scholarship (publisher, self, institution)

37. What is Changing for Scholars? How scholarship is evaluated for promotion  New modes of peer review  Promotion documents accommodating the differing dynamics of digital publishing  Multiple roles and audiences for electronic publications Relationship of scholarship  to teaching  to professional peers  to the general public  to commerce

38. What is Changing for Scholars? Author roles  Collaboration with peers  Collaboration with students (mentoring)  Collaboration with library personnel and resources  Authoring media, not just texts Objects of study Scope of scholarly projects  time, cost, participants, media, uses

39. Reconceiving the Academic Library Brokers of digital knowledge, not just curators of the printed scholarly record “Institutional Repository”

40. Scholarly Research: Labs, Libraries, Archives Online primary and secondary texts, Scholarly Output:Books and Articles Websites, databases, new “born-digital” genres Peer Review:Via Academic Publishing, but also via scholarly societies, reputation systems Scholarly Communication:Journals and Conferences via email, websites, blogs, podcasts, wikis Preservation of Scholarship:Libraries and Archives blended with publishing, not just library activity Toward Scholarship 2.0

41. What Should We Do? Evaluate how familiar our colleges and departments are with evolving scholarly forms and practices Educate ourselves on emerging scholarly media and changes to peer review, etc. Promote discussion about digital scholarship issues Propose changes within the university and colleges so BYU becomes current with Scholarship and Web 2.0

42. Scholarship 2.0 Gideon Burton Asst. Prof. of English Assoc. Editor, BYU Studies Presentation to HBLL Faculty Council March 23, 2007 Presentation Available at http://GideonBurton.typepad.com