1. Obj: To understand the ideas of the Enlightenment spreading across Europe, prompting rulers to make reforms. Focus:Pg. 451, read and answer the global connections.

2. The challenge of New Ideas The ideas spread quickly through many levels of society. Need for reform to achieve a just society. A just society should ensure social justice and happiness Censorship-restricting access to idead and information.

3. Cont… The gov’t and church felt they need to defend the old order, set up by God. Some philosophes disguised their ideas in works of fiction Many people discussed these new ideas in salons, or informal social gatherings where people exchanged ideas

4. Enlightened Despots Some monarchs did accept Enlightenment ideas, and became known as enlightened despots, or absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change.

5. Frederick the Great-King of Prussia 1740-1786. -Tight Control over subjects -Work for the common good -Developed an academy of science -tolerated religious differences -Reforms were directed mainly at making the Prussian gov’t more efficient -This also meant a more powerful monarch

6. Catherine the Great Exchanged letters with philosophes Some limited reforms in law and gov’t. She never intended to give up any power, however In the end, she expanded an empire, not reforms.

7. Joseph II of Austria Most radical of the enlightened despots He traveled in disguise among his subjects to learn of their problems Nicknamed the peasant emperor Granted toleration to Protestants and Jews in his Catholic empire Ended censorship Built hospitals Abolished serfdom

8. The Arts and Literature The arts evolved to meet changing tastes New style of art and architecture called baroque; (either in the Greek and Roman tradition) OR in a grand, complex style(baroque) These paintings were huge, colorful, and full of excitement. Glorified historic battles or the lives of saints.