1. Biology Unit 2 Test – August 26th
Biochemistry
Biology Unit 2
Test – August 26th

2. Atom, Element, Compound Atoms and Their Elements.flv
A = smallest unit of matter (1)
E = made of one kind of atom (2)
C = made of 2 or more atoms joined (3)
Valence electron rules 2 1 3
Sodium - NaCl

3. The Atom Protons (atomic number) Neutrons Electron = P A=Overall
neutral charge
Energy Levels
2 and 8
Isotope – same
element, different
# neutrons
Atomic Mass
Red = protons
White = neutrons
Outer level electrons = valence electrons

4. Bonding – to fill outer level
Covalent – shares – molecule – water (1) gas or volitile liquid, low melting and boiling, do not dissolve in water
Ionic – give and take – ion + or - table salt (2) Solid, Crystal lattice structure, brittle and break, soluble in water, conduct electricity, high melting points 1 2
Day 1

5. Changing an Atom

6. Mixture Combination of substances – they retain own properties
Solution – mixture with one or more substances distributed evenly in another substance

7. Water http://molo.concord.org/database/activities/202.html
Polar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds – weak bonds, oppositely charged (the + part of one water molecule is attracted to the – part of
another molecule).
Most imp. compound in an
organism

8. Five Properties of Water
Good Solvent
Cohesive
Adhesive
Less dense as a solid than a liquid
Unique thermal properties

9. Acids and Bases A=more hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
B= more Hydroxide ions
pH – measure of amount
of hydrogen ions
Increase by 10
pH scale – 0 – 14
(Hydrogen ions)
<7=A >7=B

10. Bonds of Life - Macromolecules
Polymer – formed from monomers
Covalent Bonds formed around Carbon
Large bonds formed from smaller molecules – Condensation

11. Condensation and Hydrolysis
A condensation reaction is responsible for building large molecules. 
A hydrolysis reaction is responsible for breaking down large molecules (eg. digestion). 

12. Carbohydrates Cell’s energy source Monosaccharides – fructose
Disaccharides – sucrose
Polysaccharides – starch
Cellulose – cell wall
CHO – 1:2:1

13. Lipids
nonpolar, hydrophobic, waxes, oils, fats, steroids (cholesterol and sex hormones).
Molecular structure – 3 fatty acids and a glycerol
Contains less oxygen than carbs
Phospholipids – cell membrane, saturated –contain no double bonds

15. Proteins amino acids (20) - joined by peptide bonds
building blocks for living things – enzymes
Muscle contraction, transporting oxygen

16. Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA
Stores genetic info in cells (nucleus) – forms all proteins and enzymes
Nucleotides (sugar, base, and phosphate)

17. Enzymes
Proteins – function as catalyst on a substrate at active site (speed up reaction) - Biological catalysts
Reusable -are specific to a reaction, temperature, and pH
Involved in all metabolic processes
Stop here Sci Skills

18. Enzyme Movie

19. Chemical Reactions Metabolism Reactants products Less/more
reactant energy
Endothermic
Exothermic

20. Structure – 3 phosphates Function – transformed into ADP
ATP
Energy currency
Structure – 3 phosphates
Function – transformed into ADP

21. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Aerobic
Must have oxygen to occur
Takes place in mitochondria
Produces 36 ATP molecules from 1 glucose - Krebs Cycle (2) electron transport chain (34)
Anaerobic
No oxygen needed
Takes place in cytoplasm
Produces 2 ATP from 1 glucose
Fermentation
the process by which plants use the energy from light to generate sugar
Chloroplast
light reactions
Calvin cycle