1. Carrier Class Ethernet Metro Ethernet Forum http://www.metroethernetforum.org/ Technical documents under “Documents” tab

2. Transmission Media (Fiber, Co-ax, Twisted Pair, etc …) The OSI Model 7. APPLICATION 6. PRESENTATION 5. SESSION 4. TRANSPORT 3. NETWORK 1. PHYSICAL 2. DATA LINK 7. APPLICATION 6. PRESENTATION 5. SESSION 4. TRANSPORT 3. NETWORK 1. PHYSICAL 2. DATA LINK ?

3. A Practical Example 7. APPLICATION 6. PRESENTATION 5. SESSION 4. TRANSPORT 3. NETWORK 1. PHYSICAL 2. DATA LINK ——— Category 5 twisted copper wires ——— Ethernet ——— Internet Protocol (IP) ——— Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ——— Connection negotiation ——— HTML (ASCII) / JPEG / GIF ——— Web Server Application Software Operating System Hardware

4. 1 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 2 1 3 1 2 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 Cat 5 Fiber Cat 5 1 1 2 Web Server (answers) Client (initiates connection) Internet Explorer html, jpeg tcp port 2355 IP 209.34.122.8 Ethernet MAC 0x00065e2c54df IP 65.221.43.6 Apache Web Server tcp port 80 html, jpeg Ethernet MAC 0x000f439ab231 IP 209.34.122.200 IP 65.221.43.1 Ethernet MAC 0x0008bb154891 Switch Router Session control Session control Ethernet MAC 0x001a7b21ea442 Hub A Practical Example

5. Physical Logical 2 3 4

6. Ethernet Frame

7. Hub: Ethernet frame goes to all ports (port == physical interface) Necessarily can only run half duplex No intelligence Obsolete -- throw them away! Switching: Switch "learns" which MAC addresses are on which port Ethernet frame is forwarded out one port only No possibility for collisions Can run full duplex Routing: strips off MAC addresses (on Ethernet port) makes forwarding determination based on IP address and route table puts on new MAC addresses (if Ethernet)

8. T-1 2xT-13xT-1 10Base-T DS-3 FE OC-3 Gig-E

9. What’s Carrier Ethernet: defined by the MEF Scalability Services and Bandwidth 100,000’s of EVC’s From Mbps to x10Gbps Customer data integrity Protection 50ms Protection End to End Path Protection Aggregated Line & Node Protection Hard QoS Guaranteed end to end SLA End to End CIR and EIR Business, Mobile, Residential TDM Support Seamless integration of TDM Circuit Emulation Services Support existing voice applications Service Management Fast service creation Carrier class OAM capabilities Customer Network Management (CNM) Carrier Ethernet Carrier Ethernet

10. MEF Services Model Metro Ethernet Network Customer Edge (e.g., router) (CE) Customer Edge (CE) Service Attributes A service is what the CE sees. The technology used inside the MEN is not visible.

11. Each Service is a Layer 2 VPN Frames from one customer can not leak into another customer’s serviceFrames from one customer can not leak into another customer’s service Multiple Services at a UNI is called Service MultiplexingMultiple Services at a UNI is called Service Multiplexing Example showing a green service and a blue service. Service Multiplexed UNI

12. Pittsburgh, PA: Airport Loop 10.1.4.40 Single Source Roofing 10.1.4.50 Park West Two 10.1.4.51 Park West One 10.1.4.150 Giant Eagle 10.1.4.200 Giant Eagle 10.1.254.254 Core Switch NMS Internet 1550nm (greater than 20 miles) 1310nm Company Data Center Ethernet Switch at Customer location How does MetNet keep customers packets separate? Add another layer! GigE UNI customer 10.1.4.100 Giant Eagle

13. Connection Protocol Stacks ETH VLAN ETH MPLS ETH VLAN ETH MPLS ETH MPLS ETH VLAN ETH MAC L3 AND UP ETH MAC END USER EQUIP ETH VLAN L3 AND UP End-to-End Connection ETH Metro A Access Port NE Port NC Port NC Port NE Port Access Port Ingress Mapping Egress Mapping Network Port Network Port ETH Client’s Ethernet Header VLAN Network VLAN Tag MPLS ETH MPLS Shim Header NC Port

14. Met-Net Packet DA (6B) ETYPE 8100 (2B) Net VLAN (2B) S A (6B) ETYPE 8847 (2B) MPLS Shim (4B) D LSR MAC (6B) S LSR MAC (6B) 1544 Bytes User Ethernet Frame

15. S/W Adjusts WRR Weights GE Network QOS Mechanics: This is What Net Neutrality is talking about Policer Customer Traffic 000/001010/011110100/101111 DE=0 DE=1 DE=0 Normal DE=1 Business Critical DE=1 Network Control TDM T-1, T-3 & OC-3 TT T T Delay Sensitive DE=1 WRR SchedulerSP Scheduler

16. Each Logical Layer has it’s own set of header information: Source Identifier Destination Identifier Type of Information Flags Error handle Other: VLAN ID (2) Priority (2) TOS (3) Frame Type (2) IP Version (3) Sequence Number (4) Each field can potentially be used to filter, block, control, or prioritize traffic on a network.

17. Untagged Ethernet common, plain vanilla Ethernet framing Tagged Ethernet IEEE 802.1Q format VLANs numbered 0 - 4095 Includes a priority field (8 bits) 802.1p Supported by Windows 2000 and later All devices on LAN must support tagged Ethernet frames Frame size is slightly larger due to tag bits Cisco ISL format Cisco Inter Switch Link Predates IEEE standard Generally obsolete except in Cisco-only world Service Provider tagging (Stacked tagging) ITU / IEEE / Metro Ethernet Forum defined Adds another Ethernet header in front of standard (customer) Ethernet frame Virtual Ethernet LANs

18. 50ms Link or Edge Node Protection VLAN Based Edge Ring A B C D E F 1 2 MPLS Bypass Tunnel X User LAN Provisioning of the main and alternative path (Red and Green) for connection protection Provisioning of the MPLS based bypass tunnel between the Core Switches devices

19. What’s Carrier Ethernet: defined by the MEF Scalability Services and Bandwidth 100,000’s of EVC’s From Mbps to x10Gbps Customer data integrity Protection 50ms Protection End to End Path Protection Aggregated Line & Node Protection Hard QoS Guaranteed end to end SLA End to End CIR and EIR Business, Mobile, Residential TDM Support Seamless integration of TDM Circuit Emulation Services Support existing voice applications Service Management Fast service creation Carrier class OAM capabilities Customer Network Management (CNM) Carrier Ethernet Carrier Ethernet

20. Relevant Standard Bodies and Organizations IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force RFCs: “Requests for Comment” generally accepted rules of the Internet ITU: International Telecommunication Union MEF: Metro Ethernet Forum - Publishes industry recommendations just like the Wi-Fi Alliance and seeks adoption by IEEE and ITU - Metro Ethernet works on IEEE 802.3 - Wi-Fi Alliance work on IEEE 802.11