1. Difficulties In Learning Chinese 第二組 93121315 余叔穎 93121336 謝宛真 93121339 陳伊娟 93121345 賴英瑛 93121346 郭欣怡 93121349 林紓帆 93121356 王慈慧

2. Topic What are the sounds in Chinese that are difficult for non-native speakers to pronounce and the reason why they are so difficult for them to pronounce.

3. A 。 Chinese Phonetic Symbols A 。 Chinese Phonetic Symbols Pinyin Pinyin Tones Tones B 。 Interviews B 。 Interviews C 。 (Listening) C 。 (Listening) D 。 Conclusion D 。 Conclusion

4. Two systems Chinese phonetic symbols Hanyu Pinyin

5. Chinese initials 聲母 (Consonants) ㄅ ㄆ ㄇ ㄈ ㄉ ㄊ ㄋ ㄌ ㄍ ㄎ ㄏ ㄐ ㄑ ㄒ ㄓ ㄔ ㄕ ㄖ ㄗ ㄘ ㄙ b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s 玻 坡 摸 佛 得 特 訥 勒 哥 科 喝 基 欺 希 知 蚩 詩 日 資 雌 思

6. 韻母 (VOWEL) ㄚ ㄛ ㄜ ㄝ ㄞ ㄟ ㄠ ㄡ ㄢ ㄣ ㄤ ㄥ ㄦ a o e e ai ei ao ou an en ang eng er 啊 喔 鵝 ( 耶 ) 哀 紏 熬 歐 安 恩 昂 ( 亨 ) 兒

7. non-native speakers’ difficulties Mandarin Chinese is a tonal language. They cannot use the level of their voice to express feelings or emotion.

8. Interview Questions How long have you learned Chinese? Do you start with learning Chinese phonetic symbols or Pinyin system? What are the difference between pronouncing Chinese with Chinese phonetic symbols and Hanyu Pinyin? Which one is easier for you to learn Chinese pronunciation, Chinese phonetic symbols or Hanyu Pinyin? Will you confuse Hanyu Pinyin with English pronunciation? How do you practice pronouncing the four tones in Mandarin Chinese?

9. Besides asking the above questions, we also asked them to read the phonetic symbols, the sounds that foreigners are easily to mix up, and some words and numbers that have different tones for us.

10. 1st interviewee: Anna Nationality: the Czech Republic Chinese Learning History: 9 months She has some difficulty in pronouncing j( ㄐ ) and e( ㄜ ) and e( ㄝ ). She cannot tell clearly the distinction between e( ㄜ ) and e( ㄝ ) as well as j( ㄐ ). The 2nd and 3rd pitch (tone) are the most difficult problems to Anna.

11. 2nd interviewee: Shaun Nationality: the Kyrgyz Republic Chinese Learning History: almost 3 years He assumes that there is no difference between Pinyin and CPS. He thinks that the 2nd tone in Mandarin is the most troublesome problem. his pronunciation is similar to the 1st pitch. ( ㄕˊ / ㄕ ).

12. 3rd interviewee: 康奥萊 Nationality: the United States of America Chinese Learning History: beyond 5 years He has a trouble pronouncing j( ㄐ ), q( ㄑ ), and x( ㄒ ). He also has some trouble distinguishing e( ㄜ ) and e( ㄝ ). He mispronounces the 2nd tone( ㄦ ) into the 4th tone( ㄦˋ ). 順 (shun) and 訓 (xun), 順 (shun) and 純 (chun), and ㄔ (chi) and ㄕ (shi) are his difficulty.

13. 4th interviewee: unnamed (Amy) She declines to be recorded. Nationality: the Republic of Korea (South Korea) Chinese Learning History: 3 months She often confused by ㄓ (zhi) and ㄔ (chi) and ㄕ (shi) and ㄖ (r). She cannot tell clearly between ㄤ (ang) and ㄢ (an).

14. 5th interviewee: 徐仁愛 Nationality: the Republic of Korea (South Korea) Chinese Learning History: about 11 months She can not find the discrepancy in e( ㄜ ) and e( ㄝ ). And she has trouble pronouncing j( ㄐ ). She says that ㄓ (zhi) and ㄔ (chi) and ㄕ (shi) and ㄖ (r) are difficult to pronounce. She often confused by the English j and Pinyin j( ㄐ ).

15. 6th interviewee: 楊梓 Nationality: Japan Chinese Learning History: 9 months She thinks that ㄓ (zhi) and ㄔ (chi) and ㄕ (shi) and ㄖ (r) are difficult to pronounce. She says that the 2nd and the 3rd tone are most difficult to pronounce and distinguish.

16. Conclusion Most of the subjects learn Pinyin in stead of the CPS. They feel j( ㄐ ) and e( ㄜ ) and e( ㄝ ) are very difficult to pronounce. Most of them say the 2nd and the 3rd tone are most difficult to pronounce and distinguish. And ㄓ (zhi) and ㄔ (chi) and ㄕ (shi) and ㄖ (r) are their nightmares.

17. Works Cited www.eng.fju.edu.tw/yun- pi/documents/linguisticreport_mandarin.doc www.eng.fju.edu.tw/yun- pi/documents/linguisticreport_mandarin.doc http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/tradition/3data/a 1.htm http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/tradition/3data/a 1.htm http://www.chinesewaytogo.org/teachers_corner/expert/a bc_pron.php http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/yun- pi/documents/linguisticreport_mandarin.doc http://www.cccla-us.org/pinyin.htm http://www.cnpedia.com/pages/knowledge/baserule.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Troy/5618/PRONUNCI ATION.HTML http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Troy/5618/PRONUNCI ATION.HTML