1. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 1 EIA - Operating Principles

2. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 2 EIA - Operating Principles***  Screening  Scoping  Assessing  Mitigation  Reporting  Reviewing  Decision-making  Monitoring and management  Public involvement

3. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 3 The EIA process: F screening - to decide if and at what level EIA should be applied F scoping - to identify the important issues and prepare terms of reference F impact analysis - to predict the effects of a proposal and evaluate their significance F mitigation - to establish measures to prevent, reduce or compensate for impacts

4. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 4 F reporting - to prepare the information necessary for decision-making F review - to check the quality of the EIA report. F decision-making - to approve (or reject) the proposal and set conditions F follow up – to monitor, manage and audit the impacts of project implementation F public involvement - to inform and consult with stakeholders

5. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 5 EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 1 Slide 5

6. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 6 Project Screening - is an EIA needed? Scoping – which impacts & issue to consider? Description of the proposed action Identification of key impacts Project Screening - is an EIA needed? Scoping – which impacts & issue to consider? Description of the proposed action Identification of key impacts Assessing: Prediction of impacts Evaluation & assessment of significant of impacts Identification of mitigation measures Assessing: Prediction of impacts Evaluation & assessment of significant of impacts Identification of mitigation measures Presentation of finding in an EIA report (EIS) (including a non-technical summary) Presentation of finding in an EIA report (EIS) (including a non-technical summary) Review of the EIA report (EIS) Decision-making Post-decision monitoring Auditing of predictions and mitigation of measures Post-decision monitoring Auditing of predictions and mitigation of measures Public involvemen t Important Steps in the EIA Process

7. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 7 EIA process I. Screening

8. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 8 SCREENING  Definition: –is the process of determining whether or not a proposal requires full-scale EIA and the level at which that assessment should occur.

9. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 9 The purpose of screening The purpose of screening is to determine: F whether or not a proposal requires an EIA F what level of EIA is required

10. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 10 Outcomes of screening F full or comprehensive EIA required F more limited EIA required F furthe r study needed to determine EIA requirement F no further requirement for EIA

11. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 11 Screening and scoping compared Screening F determines the requirement for EIA F establishes the level of review necessary Scoping F identifies the key issues and impacts F establishes the terms of reference

12. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 12 Requirement of full-scale EIA involves:  exploitation of natural resources  infrastructure  industrial activities  extractive industries  waste management and disposal  substantial changes in farming or fishing practices

13. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 13 Screening methods F legal/policy definition F inclusion list of projects (with or without thresholds) F exclusion list of projects F criteria for case-by-case screening

14. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 14 Approaches to screening involve one or a combination of:  decision-makers’ discretion  initial environmental examination  project lists with/without thresholds  exclusion lists

15. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 15

16. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 16 Decision-maker’s discretion:  the proposal itself and its potential impacts  the level of confidence in the predicted impacts  the characteristics of the receiving environment and its resilience to change  the existing planning, environmental management and decision-making framework  the degree of public interest likely in the proposal

17. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 17 Initial environmental examination (evaluation)  describe the proposal and examine any alternatives that might improve the environmental outcomes  identify and address the concerns of the local community  identify and assess the potential environmental effects  mitigate adverse effects and enhance potential benefits  contain environmental monitoring and management plans

18. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 18 Project lists: establish a set of specific criteria that can be used to determine which projects will undergo EIA.  requiring full-scale EIA  requiring some form of further environmental analysis  not requiring any further environmental analysis

19. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 19 Exclusion lists:  The use of exclusion lists is not a common approach to screening.  The use is that the greater number of smaller and less significant projects are given exemption from EIA based on project type or size.

20. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 20 Thailand: Type and sizes of projects or activities requiring EIA report.  1. Industry  2. Residential building and service community  3. Transportation  4. Energy  5. Water resource  6. Watershed area  7. Mine

21. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 21

22. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 22 Lists of actions:  Utilising of positive/inclusive nature  Utilising of negative/exclusive nature  Weakness of lists based on types of action without considering to –size –technology –resource requirements –waste characteristics

23. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 23 Three possible outcomes of screening process:  1. proposals which do not require additional environmental investigation because it is expected that they will not have significant impacts  2. proposals which require a limited environmental study because the environmental impacts are known and can be easily mitigated

24. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 24  3. proposals which require EIA to determine the extent and magnitude of range of significant adverse impacts and to propose a range of appropriate mitigation, monitoring and management measures

25. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 25 Ex: Egypt  3 lists of project criteria; –1. White list  No EIA requirement –2. Gray list  Scoped EIA study may be required. –3. Black list  Full EIA study is required.

26. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 26

27. EIAScreening5(Gajaseni, 2007) 27 A framework for screening UNEP Training Resource Manual Topic 4 Slide 27 Increasing impact of development Exclusive threshold