1. Connecting People With Information Human Interoperability and Net-Enabled Environments Dr. Alenka Brown, SES Sr. Science Advisor for Human Behaviors Sr. Research Fellow USD-AT&L-DDR&E // OASD-NII// NDU stefania.brown-vanhoozer@osd.mil

2. Connecting People With Information Presidential and Legislative Directives that state the requirements for coordinated and co-operative responses amongst Federal, State and Local and Non-Government mission partners in the integration and interoperability of both material and non-materiel capabilities. BACKGROUND (source for HII)

3. Connecting People With Information Understanding the issues that cause inadequate or incompatible Policy, Doctrine, Strategy and Process across mission partners by leveraging current processes, experimentations, exercises, operations, and other venues. Master situation awareness in a highly dynamic and unpredictable environment. BACKGROUND FOCUS

4. Connecting People With Information Non-materiel solutions are in high demand with all stakeholders charged with the defense and security of the United States. OSD has determined a need exists for focusing on integration of technology and human systems to be explored in a continuum of opportune venues. BACKGROUND FINDINGS

5. Connecting People With Information HI Initiative Policy Framework Tactical Operations Strategic Policy Science and Technology (S&T) investments Acquisition and technological gaps  Articulate policy/standards/requirements objectives to develop, operate, and maintain “high-consequence mission-critical collaboration systems” using  Cognitive science and systems engineering BACKGROUND HI Pillars

6. Connecting People With Information  HI Initiative Experimentations  Studies  Dept of Defense and Non-Gov. Org.  Dept of Defense – Building Partnership Capacity  Research  Context management in real-time w/human-in-the-loop  Decision analysis in real-time w/human-in-the-loop  Effects based management w/human-in-the loop  Standards and Requirements  Education and Training (E&T)  Standards and Requirements  Refinement of current E&T BACKGROUND HI Pillars (continued )

7. Connecting People With Information HI – Net Enabled Environment WORK FLOW make better decisions for courses of action Infor Tech, Info Assure and Info Sharing. Human Interoperability: Reliable, “compatible 1 ” human networks across community boundaries. 2 - Cooperation & Collaboration between DoD, Interagency and Intercommunity ranging from asymmetric threats applications, humanitarian efforts, to disaster events. 2 Cooperation and Collaboration timely accessible and trusted info and behaviors 1 compatible – co-operative, trusting, & semantic interoperable human networks that are “adaptive” and “agile” to optimize effectiveness & efficiency. information provide capability to enabled by cognitive-matching; social-cultural nuances; traditional human factors; rapport indicators… constructed from human attributes collaborative

8. Connecting People With Information A Dynamic Method is needed to see how critical system-building elements work in an operational context and impact total performance outcomes. 5/1 AETF (-): T: Defeat enemy forces operating in BDE AO P: Prepare BDE Ao for future transition to NEW ARMY forces. -Interdicts enemy supply lines -Conducts SASO in BDE sector -Trains NEW ARMY forces for future combat 2 CAB: T: Defeat enemy forces operating in BN AO P: Prepare BN AO for future transition to NEW ARMY forces. -Interdicts enemy supply lines - Requirements/ Definition Policies Assessment Architectural Design Training HSI Technology USER

9. Connecting People With Information Strategic Plan Tactical Plan Operational Plan Tactical Operational Environment Strategic Plan Tactical Plan Operational Plan Operational Environment Strategic Plan Tactical Plan Operational Plan Strategic Operational Environment Directives Solutions Organization Architecture

10. Connecting People With Information Human Interoperability Initiative OBJECTIVES (1-2) Understand “human compatibility” across Net-Enabled Environments and Operations/ Service Oriented Architectures by constructing an HI Framework that includes: the development of policy objectives for testing policy and standards, balancing strategies and doctrines involving the “human components” aligning operations/ procedures for standards in sharing information between humans and systems/organizations Assessments of processes and their enablers/inhibitors for information sharing and cognitive impact. Understanding of socio-cultural boundaries for convergence of governing policies and standards. Identify gaps that are impacted by the intersection of Law and Public Policy.

11. Connecting People With Information Human Interoperability Initiative OBJECTIVES (2 of 2) establishment of social-behavioral tool/capability requirements and metrics for interoperability applications and acquisition for strategic and tactical operations understanding user cognitive-matching and the technical implications for “quality of operations” for Service Oriented Architecture (SoA) Systems of Systems Net Centric Operations Net Enabled Environments

12. Connecting People With Information Achieving Interoperability A PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE Interoperability : “ The ability of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and use the services to enable them to operate together effectively and with integrity.” - Interoperability is more than technology driven for information exchange – its impact on humans-in the-loop. - Solutions Sets must address the Processes within organizations, and between individuals. - Defines the barriers and limitations on: human to human human to organization human to system (man-machine interfaces) human to system of system integrations

13. Connecting People With Information Human Issues and SoA? Dynamic composition and re-composition : Warfighting applications need to be composed to provide solutions to humans in real time - reconfigured dynamically. Dynamic system evaluation, analysis, monitoring and tracking to ensure security, dependability, and interoperability for mission success: –Human composed applications in DoD SOA systems must be evaluated as soon as they are composed at runtime and after dynamic deployment for mission plan change. Real-time SOA protocols and infrastructure: –DoD SOA protocols and infrastructure must address human interoperation real-time computing issues such as fault recovery, timing constraints, and scheduling to ensure mission success.

14. Connecting People With Information SoA Now? Current SOA infrastructure and protocols support mainly service producers taking days, weeks or months to complete. a human interoperation approach will allow applications to be generated in minutes/hours with significant evaluation and dependability. Current SOA computing infrastructure does not support real- time computing and human interoperation: –timing constraints and processes are not addressed and no mechanism to differentiate service quality and criticality.

15. Connecting People With Information SOA now SOA now?  Research areas need to support: –human processes within SoA –timing issues of SOA –human interoperability protocols –engineering approaches that address human systems engineering, etc.

16. Connecting People With Information SoA Characteristics DoD SoA need to have the following characteristics: Autonomous computing with self-healing and self-recovery, and dynamic reconfiguration with high confidence and predictability; Semantic information processing so that information can be processed in an intelligent manner; Rapid real-time application: modeling, assembling, deployment, simulation, testing, evaluation, monitoring, and data collection; Support organizational and operational interoperability, not just network, machine or software interoperability.

17. Connecting People With Information Systems Engineering Approach for: Examine customs 1, regulations, policy, doctrine, technological standards and requirements in development of effective, reliable, and efficient human systems across organizational boundaries with the interagencies and intercommunity for dissemination and integration of shared information and behavior. Identify the social engineering processes of reliable human networks (RHN) practices and the gaps within policy, doctrine and standards in support of RHN. Human Interoperability Initiative Approach Hardware Wetware Software 1 customs - a strata of ethnicity within a global society relating to various disciplines, e.g., social sciences, engineering, law, policy, doctrine, terminology, cultural nuances, etc.

18. Connecting People With Information Evaluate processes, functions and forms so that the “information shared is the same message received, is the same message sent.” Known as, “cognitive matching 2.” Identify and mitigate the human factor indicators within the Information Technological processes and attributes that contribute to trust factors that sustain reliable human networks. Leverage existing and previous experiments, exercises, & studies to assess the indicators, issues, and attributes of human interoperability. Identify requirements for the “backbone” or “platform” for social-behavioral tools, capabilities, M&S, etc. to be interoperable to other platform devices. 2 cognitive matching - the meaning of the communication elicited is the same as that intended. Human Interoperability Initiative Approach

19. Connecting People With Information What limits the present approaches?  The architecture of traditional SOA: –Most of the SOA technologies, processes, and infrastructure designed for service providers not the service users (warfighters) directly; thus, limiting the speed of application development, deployment, and reconfiguration.  Lack of service-oriented system engineering techniques: –DoD using traditional system engineering to design and develop SOA applications at design phase. SOA applications need to composed by humans at runtime; thus, demanding a runtime application of service- oriented system engineering techniques.  Lack of a real-time SOA infrastructure and protocols: –Real-time SOA must be guaranteed in military and mission-critical domains. It currently has no real-time human interoperation SOA infrastructure to support basic real-time computing.

20. Connecting People With Information PROCESS NOW Underlying activities to get to OODA Activities GAPS in Capability Evolving Capability within the OODA / ToTE Framework provides a visual representation of required activities. Decide Act Orient Common Language Discovery Interoperability DoD OGA Req. A B C D E C F B E System 1System 2System 3 Capability A Capability B Capability C System Contribution, Supporting Systems Infrastructure Outputs Performance Requirements Integration Requirements Functional Requirements Associated Architectural Products NGO Policy & Govern ance Operational CONOPS De-confliction of language Inhibitors

21. Connecting People With Information Summary