1. Romantic Music, Drama, & Dance

2. Romantic Music

3. Romantic Music Individuality of Style Expressive Aims and Subjects
Emphasis on self-expression
Expressive Aims and Subjects
Explored a universe of feeling that included flamboyance and intimacy, unpredictability and melancholy, rapture and longing

4. Romantic Music (cont’d)
Nationalism – inclusion of folk songs, dances, legends, and other national material in a composition to associate it with the composer’s homeland
Exoticism – use of melodies, rhythms, or instruments that suggest foreign lands

5. Romantic Music (cont’d)
Expressive Tone Color
Reveled in rich and sensuous sound, using tone color to obtain variety of mood and atmosphere
Colorful Harmony
Seeking greater emotional intensity, composers emphasized rich, colorful, and complex harmonies

6. Romantic Music (cont’d)
Expanded Range of Dynamics, Pitch, and Tempo
Wider ranges of dynamics and pitches
Rubato – slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo to intensify the expression of the music

7. Art Song
Art song – setting of a poem for solo voice and piano, translating the poem’s mood and imagery into music

8. Schubert 1797-1828 Earliest master of the romantic art song
Never held an official position as musical director or organist

9. Schubert (cont’d)
First Viennese composer whose income came entirely from musical composition
Over 600 songs
Songs have a wide variety of moods and styles
Uses imaginative harmonies

10. R. Schumann 1810-1856 Embodied musical romanticism
Thought of music in emotional, literary, and autobiographical terms

11. C. W. Schumann
One of the leading concert pianists of the 19th-century
Premiered many works by her husband Robert Schumann

12. Chopin 1810-1849 The poet of the piano
The only great composer who wrote almost only for the piano

13. Chopin (cont’d)
Nocturne – a composition, usually slow, lyrical, and intimate in character, often for piano solo
Étude – a piece designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties
Polonaise – composition in triple meter with a stately character, often for piano solo

14. Liszt 1811-1886 Incredible showman and irresistible to women
Controversial music
Some consider his music to be vulgar
His music was very original

15. Mendelssohn
A romantic whose music was deeply rooted in classical tradition
Evokes a variety of moods

16. Program Music
Program music – instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene
Absolute music – instrumental music having no intended association with a story, poem, idea, or scene
Program symphony – symphony related to a story, idea, or scene, in which each movement usually has a descriptive title

17. Berlioz 1803-1869 One of the first French romantic composers
Music sounds unique

18. Dvořák
Followed Smetana as the leading composer of Czech national music

19. Tchaikovsky
A popular figure in Russian music and one of the most popular composers in history
Mostly remembered for his ballets (The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, and Sleeping Beauty)

20. Smetana 1824-1884 The founder of Czech national music
His works are influenced by folk songs, dances, and legends of his native Bohemia

21. Brahms 1833-1897 A romantic who enhanced classical forms
Created masterpieces in all the traditional forms except opera

22. Verdi 1813-1901 Most popular opera composer
Composed for the public instead of the elite

23. Puccini
Composed some of the best loved operas

24. Wagner
German composer, conductor, music theorist and essayist primarily known for his operas which can be divided into three chronological periods.

25. Wagner (cont’d)
Advanced the art of opera with Tristan and Isolde (his greatest singing opera) and Der Ring des Nibelunge also known as the Ring Cycle
Leitmotif – short musical idea associated with a person, object, or thought

26. Mahler 1860-1911 Last great Austrian composer
Music is often programmatic and reflects his constant search for the meaning of life

27. Romantic Drama

28. Melodrama
Melodrama – a form of theatre and cinema that means “music drama”
Each character has a theme song
The plot uses music that accompanies the action for purposes of mood setting and conflict

29. Stock characters
Stock characters – stereotypical characters that are not developed as far as motivation and background

30. Romantic Dance

31. Romantic Ballet Golden Age of Ballet
Jean-Georges Noverre – a choreographer who saw the need for reform in ballet
Wrote ballet guidelines and created the Seven Basic Movements of Dance