1. Day One Review Collect location data Navigate to waypoints Collect waypoints & attribute data Objects in life are features on a map Features have location and attributes GPS provides location GIS links features & attributes with location

2. Day Two Outline Dig into GIS Working with collected data Data types Available data sets Create county map Symbology Layout GPS/GIS In the classroom

3. Introducing GIS What is a GIS? GIS functions Organizing spatial data Components of geographic data Storing geographic data Using spatial relationships

4. Components of a GIS An integration of five basic components People Hardware Software Procedures Data

5. What can you do with a GIS? Visualize information Work spatially Show relationships Solve problems Present results

6. What is spatial data? Behaviors Drawing Querying Analyzing Connectivity Relationships Geometry Attributes

7. Organizing spatial data in layers A GIS works with thematic layers of spatial data Answer questions by comparing different layers of data A geographic feature is any real-world object on a map, such as a single building. A layer is the visual representation of a set of geographic features. Layers must contain spatial data. Spatial data indicates the geographic location and shape of the feature. In the example, buildings, school districts, streets, zip codes, cities, and counties are layers that are combined, or “layered,” using GIS to create reality. Buildings School Districts Streets Zip Codes Cities Counties

8. Linking features and attributes Each feature has a record in the table Unique identifier links feature and attributes

9. GIS functions Capture Store Query Analyze Display Output

10. GIS functions: Capturing data GIS Data Paper Maps Coordinates GPS Digital Data

11. GIS functions: Storing data Two common data structures: Vector and Raster Vector Discrete representations of reality Raster formats Use square cells to model reality

12. GIS functions: Query Identifying specific features Identifying features based on conditions Florida counties with a population greater than 300,000

13. GIS functions: Analysis Proximity Overlay

14. GIS functions: Display Reports Graphs Maps

15. GIS functions: Output

16. Components of geographic data

17. Using spatial relationships The relative position of features determines relationships I-80 connects San Francisco and New York San Francisco is contained in California New York is adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean I-80 has length and direction

18. Introducing ArcGIS Desktop Overview of ArcGIS ArcGIS desktop applications ArcGIS extensions

19. ArcGIS products Scalable desktop applications ArcView ArcEditor ArcInfo ArcGIS extensions All support data creation, management, analysis, and storage All can work with the same data All share a common operational interface ArcInfo ArcEditor ArcView

20. ArcGIS desktop applications All ArcGIS products share common applications Focus on data, maps, and tools ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox

21. ArcCatalog A window into your database Browse your data Manage your data Create and view data documentation (metadata)

22. ArcMap Primary display application Perform map-based tasks Displaying Editing Querying Analyzing Charting Reporting

23. ArcToolbox Geographic processing functions Data management, analysis, and conversion Tools vary between ArcGIS licenses

24. ArcGIS extensions Applications that plug into the new applications Spatial Analyst 3D Analyst Geostatistical Analyst 3 rd Party Extensions XTools HawthsTools Scripts and Help www.esri.com

25. Spatial data formats ArcGIS can work with spatial data in multiple formats KML

26. Getting help Contents tab Index tab Search tab Other help What's this? Tool tips

27. Exploring ArcMap The ArcMap interface and tools Data View and Layout View Layers, data frames, and map elements Layer properties for symbols and labels

28. The ArcMap interface Tools toolbar Tear-off and dockable Title bar Menu bar Standard toolbar Table of Contents Dockable Context menu Draw toolbar Status bar

29. Data View or Layout View? Data view for display, queries, editing and analysis Layout view for creating map layouts

30. Layers, data frames, and maps Layer Represent symbolized spatial data Data frame Organizes layers Map Contains data frames, layers, and map elements

31. Layers Reference spatial data sources Set symbols, labels and other properties Manipulate through context menu

32. Data frames Data frames are containers for layers Maps can have many data frames Index and inset maps Arrange in layout view Add from Insert menu Activate data frames to view from context menu

33. Maps Holds layers, data frames, graphics, map elements Stores information in a map document (.mxd) file

34. Managing the Table of Contents Drag layers up or down to change display order Smart defaults for layer draw order Point, lines on polygons Layers draw in the Table of Contents order, from the bottom-up Rename data frames and layers Remove layers Display or Source tabs

35. Moving around the map Zoom in or out Pan the display Full extents Back or forward one display Zoom to a layer

36. Using a bookmark Spatial bookmarks Set and name a location extent Return to it at any time

37. Magnifier and overview windows See more detail or overview without changing display Shows full extent of data

38. Transparency Using the display tab

39. Layer Attributes

40. Symbolizing rasters

41. Displaying qualitative values Features Categories ArcGIS for Certified Crop Advisers © 2004 Foundation for Agronomic Research GIS - 41

42. Labeling features Label features dynamically using attribute values Layer properties control appearance and position Convert labels to annotation features

43. Symbolizing features and rasters Layer symbology in ArcMap Displaying qualitative values Normalizing your data Graduated and proportional symbols Showing quantity with dot density Displaying multiple attributes Symbology

44. Layer symbology in ArcMap Same symbol for all features Based on attribute values

45. Displaying qualitative values Features Categories

46. Changing symbol properties Symbology tab or Table of Contents

47. Classifying features and rasters Classifying quantitative values Using the classification histogram Using natural breaks Using quantile and equal interval Using standard deviation Graduated and proportional symbols Showing quantity with dot density

48. Displaying quantitative values Graduated colorDot density Graduated symbol Proportional symbol

49. Classifying quantitative values Classification places attribute values into groups Four classification methods are available Natural breaks Quantile Standard deviation Equal interval

50. Using the classification histogram Manage class breaks Move class breaks Define Interval Number of classes Method Right-click the histogram to Zoom in/out Insert/Delete breaks Center the histogram

51. Using natural breaks Default method Identifies breakpoints between values Shows clusters or concentrations of values

52. Using quantile and equal interval Quantile Each class contains the same number of features Equal interval Divides values into equal ranges

53. Using standard deviation Shows distribution above and below the mean

54. Excluding features from a classification Eliminate values that skew the classification

55. Normalizing your data Divide one attribute by another to determine a ratio Population density Fertilizer use by tillable acres

56. Graduated and proportional symbols Graduated - symbol size reflects class Proportional - symbol size reflects actual data value

57. Showing quantity with dot density Determine dot size and value Good technique for areas of low and high concentrations

58. Charts as Symbols

59. Labeling features Labeling options Label placement Label visibility

60. Labeling features Label features dynamically using attribute values Layer properties control appearance and position

61. Labeling options Labels Displayed on the fly Stored as a property of the layer Annotation Stored as a feature Stored separately from the source feature class Graphics layer Geodatabase

62. Querying data Identifying Finding Measuring Map tips and hyperlinks Attribute selection

63. Identifying Popup attributes for a specific feature

64. Finding Locate a specific feature or attribute

65. Selecting features by location Why do you need a selection Available selection tools Selection layers Selection methods Working with the selection tools *Why do you need a selection *Available selection tools Selection methods and layers Spatial selection Attribute selection Calculating summary statistics

66. Why do you need a selection?

67. Attribute selection Use an SQL statement to select features Save and reload selection expressions

68. Available selection tools Interactive, attributes, location, graphics

69. Selection layers Specify from Selection menu Layer(s) to select from using interactive selection tool

70. Selection methods Specify from Selection menu Create new selection Add to the selection Remove from the selection Select from selection

71. Interactive selection options Options from Selection menu Select features partially or completely within the box or graphic(s) Select features completely within the box or graphic(s) Select features that the box or graphic are completely within

72. Select by location (spatial query) Use features in one layer to select features in another

73. Location selection methods Select by Location offers many selection methods Intersects Contain Are contained by Shares a line segment Shares a point Within a distance Are identical Others...

74. Selection by graphics Draw a graphic to select features Works with interactive selection methods

75. Calculating summary statistics Select Features Layer Field

76. Working with tables Understanding table anatomy Tabular data field types

77. Tables Descriptive information about features Each feature class has an associated table One row for each geographic feature

78. Understanding table anatomy Basic table properties Records/rows and fields/columns Column types can store numbers, text, dates Unique column names Columns (fields) Rows (records) Attribute values

79. Tabular data field types Different field types store different kinds of values Choose the right field type for the right value Field types vary according to table format Name: Jupiter Moons: 16 Diameter: 142,984 km Date of Comet Shoemaker-Levy impact: 7/16/1994 Rotation period: 9.8 hr TextDateShortLongBLOBFloat Jupiter7/16/1994161429849.8

80. Table manipulation Open table in ArcMap or preview in ArcCatalog Sort ascending or descending Freeze/Unfreeze columns Statistics In ArcMap Select records Modify table values

81. Associating tables Can store attributes in feature table or separate table Associate tables with common column key values Must know table relationships (cardinality) Feature attribute table Additional attribute table

82. Table relationships How many A objects are related to B objects? Types of cardinality One-to-one, one-to-many or many-to-one, and many-to-many Must know cardinality before connecting tables One parcel has one owner One parcel has many owners Many parcels have one owner Many parcels have many owners

83. Joins and relates Two methods to associate tables in ArcMap Join appends the attributes from one onto the other based on a common field Relates define a relationship between two tables

84. Connecting tables with joins Physical connection between two tables Appends the attributes of two tables Assumes one-to-one or many-to-one cardinality Pits Remedial_actions Joined table

85. Connecting tables with relates Define relationship between two tables Tables remain independent Additional cardinality choices One-to-many, many-to-many

86. Editing tables using the Field Calculator Calculate field values for an open table Simple calculations or advanced functions In or out of an edit session

87. Planning a GIS Defining the desired outcome Planning analysis processes Determining data needs

88. Identify the objectives Create the project database Analyze the data Present the results GIS project planning

89. Identify the objectives What is the problem to solve? How is it solved now? Are there alternate ways to solve it using a GIS? What are the final products of the project: reports, working maps, presentation-quality maps? Who is the intended audience of these products: the public, technicians, planners, officials? Will the data be used for other purposes? What are the requirements for these?

90. Create the project database Assemble the data Prepare the data for analysis

91. Analyze the data What is the end product? What data do you need to get there? How does it need to be processed?

92. Present the results Consider delivery methods and audience

93. Presenting Data and Maps Exploring layouts Adding reports Building graphs Adding the finishing touch

94. Map and design objectives Map objectives Share information Highlight relationships Illustrate analysis results Design objectives Manipulate the graphic characteristics Fulfill the intended purpose

95. Types of maps General maps Locational/Positional Variety of features and uses Thematic maps Distribution of an attribute Single attribute or relationship Different objectives, different cartographic designs

96. Issues in cartographic design Colors, shade patterns, and text Perception of colors and symbols Legibility of features and text Visual contrast and hierarchy Visual balance

97. Creating maps in ArcMap Design in Layout View Data frames organize layers Map elements are added to a virtual page Maps stored as mxd files Data location Layer properties

98. Layout tools Zoom and pan the layout page

99. Setting up the page Remember the purpose Will the map be viewed close up or at a distance? What is the best page size? Landscape or portrait? What printer will I be using and what are my printer size limitations?

100. Identifying map elements Title Map body Legend Scale barOther textNorth arrow Data frame

101. Inserting map elements Moving Elements

102. The Legend Properties window

103. Adding a north arrow and a scale Change angle, size, color Choose type, unit increments, color, font

104. Incorporating a reference system Display reference positions on maps Available reference systems: Latitude/Longitude, Feet, Meters ABC/123 Different graticule or grid types on the same map

105. Inserting textual information Title and author Data source, date, projection Date of map Disclosures and acknowledgements

106. Graphs Summarize tabular information in a graph A variety of graph formats Set display properties Add to a map

107. Graph creation Graph Wizard is a graphing and plotting utility

108. Reports Organizes and displays tabular data Group and format data Save and export Two reporting tools Report Writer Crystal Reports

109. Grids and rulers Determine the size of map elements Use guides to arrange elements Use grids to position elements at specific points Use snapping for precision and efficiency

110. Creating and using map templates Gives all maps in a series the same look ArcMap templates Create your own

111. Precision Ag Technologies GPS & Guidance Application Software Telemetry

112. Yield by Soil Type

113. Data for GIS

114. How to Get Soil Tests Collect samples with GPS Lab analysis for each point Table of data Create map of sample points & analysis

115. How to Get Yield Maps Install and calibrate equipment Collect harvest data Export yield data to text file Import text file into ArcView

116. Create Maps from Point Data Soil tests represent points of known data Create map by interpolating between points Known Data Unknown Data Soil Test Points

117. Creating Variable Rate Phosphorus Recs Phosphorus Removal Factor * Yield MapPhosphorus Surface from Soil Test Data Maintenance Map = + Variable Rate Phosphorus Recommendation Build Map (Build Point – Soil Test) * Buffer Factor Number of Applications

118. Finding Data Online Many resources Many free resources Google.com Gisdata.com Geodata.gov

119. The analytical process What question are you trying to answer? What criteria are involved? What is the Land Use acres, including PI class, for a field? Data Needs Soil Types Soil PI Property boundaries Analysis Needs Create property border Edit file to reflect land use Prepare soil type PI map Intersect soil types with field border Dissolve like attributes

120. Map projections Map projections convert curved surface to flat surface

121. ArcMap and projections Over 60 supported projections Pre-defined projection files On-the-fly projection