1. CSE115: Introduction to Computer Science I Dr. Carl Alphonce 219 Bell Hall NEW  645-4739  NEW alphonce@buffalo.edu 1

2. Agenda Cell phones off & name signs out Review Questions? Objects The birds-and-the-bees talk Communicating with objects

3. Review Software development is an iterative and incremental process. OO software systems are systems of interacting objects. Objects have –properties: things objects know (think of the counting object last class) –behaviors: things objects do (think of the “jumping jack” object)

4. How do we create objects? –new example1.Terrarium() –There are three parts to this expression: new example1.Terrarium ()

5. Let’s try it! We use a tool called Eclipse… …and a plug-in for Eclipse called DrJava DrJava provides an interactions pane

6. Eclipse tour terminology –view: a subwindow in Eclipse –perspective: a collection of views Eclipse: a framework for building tools –Eclipse is extended via plug-ins –a plug-in: Java Development Tools (JDT) –others: DrJava, Green, CDT, …

7. Expression evaluation evaluating new example1.Terrarium() –causes an object to be created and initialized –produces a value

8. (part of) memory 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115

9. evaluating a ‘new’ expression used available used 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 When evaluating an expression like ‘new example1.Terrarium()’, the operator ‘new’ first determines the size of the object to be created (let us say it is four byte for the sake of this example)

10. evaluating a ‘new’ expression used reserved by ‘new’ available used 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 When evaluating an expression like ‘new example1.Terrarium()’, the operator ‘new’ first determines the size of the object to be created (let us say it is four byte for the sake of this example) Next, new must secure a contiguous block of memory four bytes large, to store the representation of the object.

11. evaluating a ‘new’ expression used 10101010 available used 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 When evaluating an expression like ‘new example1.Terrarium()’, the operator ‘new’ first determines the size of the object to be created (let us say it is four byte for the sake of this example) Next, new must secure a contiguous block of memory four bytes large, to store the representation of the object. Bit strings representing the object are written into the reserved memory locations.

12. evaluating a ‘new’ expression used 10101010 available used 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 When evaluating an expression like ‘new example1.Terrarium()’, the operator ‘new’ first determines the size of the object to be created (let us say it is four byte for the sake of this example) Next, new must secure a contiguous block of memory four bytes large, to store the representation of the object. Bit strings representing the object are written into the reserved memory locations. The starting address of the block of memory holding the object’s representation is the value of the ‘new’ expression. This address is called a ‘reference’.

13. evaluating a ‘new’ expression 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 A similar thing happens when we evaluate another ‘new’ expression like ‘new example1.Caterpillar()’. used available used

14. 11110000 available used evaluating a ‘new’ expression 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 A similar thing happens when we evaluate another ‘new’ expression like ‘new example1.Caterpillar()’. Supposing that an example1.Caterpillar object occupies two bytes of memory, new reserves a contiguous block of two bytes, writes bit strings representing the object to those memory locations, and the starting address of this block of memory is the value of the ‘new’ expression.

15. DrJava’s response When we evaluate these ‘new’ expressions in DrJava, what is the response we get? > new example1.Terrarium() example1.Terrarium[frame0,0,0,608x434,layout=java.awt.BorderLayout,tit le=,resizable,normal,defaultCloseOperation=EXIT_ON_CLOSE,rootPane=j avax.swing.JRootPane[,4,30,600x400,layout=javax.swing.JRootPane$Roo tLayout,alignmentX=0.0,alignmentY=0.0,border=,flags=16777673,maximu mSize=,minimumSize=,preferredSize=],rootPaneCheckingEnabled=true] > new example1.Caterpillar() example1.Caterpillar@bd93cd

16. DrJava’s response These responses don’t look like memory addresses. What’s going on? After DrJava evaluates the expression, it must print the value. The way Java works when a reference is printed a textual representation of the object it refers to is produced (as defined by the object itself)

17. We’ve seen how to create an object. But where does the object come from? How does DrJava know what an example1.Terrarium() object is? Where do objects come from? (The “birds and bees” lecture)

18. Object communication To put example1.Caterpillar object example1.Terrarium object: > new example1.Terrarium().add(new example1.Caterpillar())

19. Where do objects come from? (The “birds and bees” lecture) Programmer writes a program in a high-level language like Java: example1.Terrarium.java Computers don’t understand programs expressed in high-level languages  ?

20. Compilation A compiler translates program to an equivalent low-level form that a computer can understand example1.Terrarium.class Compiler translates Programmer writes a program in a high-level language like Java: example1.Terrarium.java

21. Runtime Runtime refers to the time during which a program is executing, or running. Compiler translates

22. Objects exist only at runtime Objects do not exist while the programmer writes the program, except in their minds. Compiler translates

23. Huh? If objects are the basic building blocks of object-oriented programs, and programmers don’t directly manipulate objects, what do programmers write? They write class definitions. Objects are instances of classes. Classes are instantiated only at runtime.