1. The speed of sound in a magnetized hot Quark-Gluon-Plasma Based on: 0905.2097 Neda Sadooghi Department of Physics Sharif University of Technology Tehran-Iran MIDEAST 2009

2. QCD Phase Diagram Main Goals: Physics of the Early Universe In general Behavior of nuclear matter under extreme T,μ,B,E … Specific Goals: Interplay between various phase transitions – Confinement-Deconfinement – Chiral Symmetry Restoration Two different aspects:  Static aspects  Dynamical aspects

3. QCD Phase Diagram Static aspects: Thermodyn. properties of new phases T dependence of – Energy density – Pressure – …  Various aspects of phase transition Type of phase transitions – 1 st order phase transition – 2 nd order phase transition Position of the critical end points – Critical T, μ

4. QCD Phase Diagram Static aspects: Nonperturbative Methods (low energy physics) Lattice QCD Thermal Field Theory Phenomenological Model Building – Hadron resonance gas model  Statistical Model – Linear and nonlinear sigma model  Chiral (effective) Field Theory – Polyakov-NJL model  Chiral (effective) Field Theory + Lattice QCD –…–…

5. QCD Phase Diagram Static aspects: Lattice QCD (deficits) It is difficult to implement dynamical (physical) quarks It is difficult to implement a finite and large μ in MC calculations Nevertheless: Lattice QCD predictions Tc =180-200 MeV Crossover  Trace anomaly Є-3P (Bazavov et al., 0903.4379 [hep-lat])

6. Lattice QCD Predictions (Bazavov et al., 0903.4379 [hep-lat]) Trace anomaly Є-3PThe speed of sound KEYWORD: THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM (Time plays no major role)

7. QCD Phase Diagram Dynamical (non-equilibrium) aspects: Methods Real-time thermal field theory … Relativistic hydrodynamics (Rel. fluid dynamics  Landau ‘1950) – Non-dissipative (non-viscous) hydrodynamics – Dissipative hydrodynamics Transport properties T-dependence of shear and bulk viscosities T-dependence of the speed of sound  e.g. Study the new strongly correlated QGP phase created at RHIC

8. RHIC: Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider  The sQGP phase behaves as a nearly perfect fluid  Jet quenching  Elliptic flow Au-Au collisions with the energy of 100 GeV per nucleon The motion of particles is relativistic The nuclei are Lorentz contracted by a factor of Enormous entropy production (~7000 particles are produced) Very short equilibration time ~6 fm/c

9. RHIC: Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider Magnetic field production in off-central HI collisions – Due to very large relative angular momentum – Due to electrically charged ions in the initial state, and due to the electric charge asymmetry in the distributions of the produced hadrons (Kharzeev et al. 2007) The produced magnetic field is perp. to the reaction plane  Event to event P and CP violation (Kharzeev et al. 2008)

10. Our goal here: Study the effect of a constant and strong magnetic field on the speed of sound in a magnetized hot QGP N.S., 0905.2097 [hep-ph]

11. Our Method – Consider an effective field theory model of QCD (NJL model) in the presence of a constant (fixed) and strong magnetic field – Integrate out the fermions  An effective theory in a background strong magnetic field and consisting of massive mesons – The mesons are massive due to dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in the presence of strong magnetic field [Magnetic Catalysis] – The resulting system can be regarded as a magnetized fluid consisting of massive mesons and exhibiting chiral phase transition at some Tc  It mimics a magnetized hot QGP near the chiral critical point

12. Our Method – Extend the thermodynamical and hydrodynamical relations  Chiral Magnetohydrodynamical (CMHD) formulation – Performing a 1 st order stability analysis  Dispersion relation of plane waves propagating in this magnetized hot medium – Linearizing the dispersion relation  Speed of sound v_s What we expect here: 1.An anisotropy in the velocity distribution in this medium due to the presence of a fixed external magnetic field 2.Similar T dependence of v_s as was observed in Lattice QCD

13. v_12 has a maximum at T~0.4-0.45 Tc v_12 remains constant for T>Tc

14. v_13 has, independent on θ, a minimum at T~0.4-0.45 Tc v_13 remains also constant for T>Tc