1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Class 5: Advanced Concepts Hold on to your hats! Marat Kulakhmetov

2. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2 Rocket Equation Also known as : The Tsiolkovsky Equation F = m * a Forces = Drag + Weight + Thrust DV = How speed it needs ISP = how efficient the rocket engine is

3. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 3 Staging The Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation says : ISP depends on the rocket engine used. Higher ISP = Lower Launch Weight DV = Final Velocity, depends on your mission To get large velocities you would need very large takeoff weights Using multiple rocket stages allows us to achieve higher velocities with less weight

4. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 4 Russian N1 Rocket The Largest Rocket Built http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4- CyIBlKNs&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4- CyIBlKNs&feature=related

5. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 5 Staging Saturn V rocket, that flew to the moon used 3 stages

6. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 6 Rocket Recovery How do we get the rocket (or what is left) back? Can we just use wings and land at an airport? Can we use a parachute Can we use rocket motors to slow down? This is what I’m working on!

7. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 7 Aerodynamic Regimes Mach Number = Speed / Speed of sounds Speed of Sound = 350 m/s ( 800 mi/h) Incompressible ( Mach < 0.3) Compressible (0.3<Mach < 0.8) Transonic ( 0.8 < Mach < 1) Supersonic ( Mach > 1) Hypersonic (Mach > 5)

8. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 8 Incompressible Aerodynamics Mach < 0.3 Velocity < 100 m/s < 220 mi/h The air gets out of the way without compressing

9. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 9 Compressible Aerodynamics Mach 0.3 – 0.8 100 m/s – 280 m/s 220 mi/h – 630 mi/h Air tries to get out of the way but it gets compressed Airliners Fly at this speed

10. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 10 Transonic Aerodynamics Mach 0.8 < 1.0 As air goes around blunt objects it accelerates so even if flow is Mach 0.8, in some regions on the airplane it may reach 1.0 and become supersonic

11. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 11 Supersonic Aerodynamics Mach > 1 Vehicle travels faster than the speed of sound Shocks are generated because air cannot get out of the way fast enough

12. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 12 Hypersonic Aerodynamics Mach > 5 Remember to stay in orbit you need to travel at 7.6 km/s (Mach 22) When vehicle hits air molecules it breaks them apart and causes chemical reactions We need more Research !

13. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 13 My research on Hypersonics Max Temp = 26,000K!! Temperature of the Sun = 10,000 K Free Stream Conditions Velocity7 km/s (M 20.4) Pressure1.4 Pa (80km) Ndens3E20 MFP3.9E-3 m Temperature293 K Knudsen0.078

14. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 14 Airplanes

15. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 15 Parts of an Airplane

16. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 16 Airplane Axes of Rotations

17. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 17 Modern Cockpit

18. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 18 Basic Cockpit

19. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 19 Modern Cockpit

20. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 20 Wing Design

21. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 21 Airfoil Design, How do wings work?

22. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 22 Wake and Stalls

23. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics 23 Coefficient of Lift and Drag