1. French Revolution

2. Life in France Around the world people hear the news of an American Revolution based on the principles of The Enlightenment France has an absolute ruler -Louis XIV- The Sun King -Louis XV -Louis XVI

3. Whos who

4. Large gap between rich and poor- an unequal society A growing middle class called the Bourgeoisie gains more and more power. Bourgeoisie depend and rely on Enlightenment thought. Still… many of the people were poor and destitute while the aristocrats were incredibly wealthy and lived in luxury

5. Three Estates Key to the society and the need for revolution Hold over from feudalism Divided the population into three estates 1.Clergy 2.Nobility 3.Third estate- lawyers, doctors, workers and peasants (anyone who is not noble or clergy)

7. The Clergy 130,000 in France 1780 Owned 10% of land Exempt from taxes, most notably the Taille Taille is the major tax Separated into : 1.Higher clergy (aristocrats) 2.Lower clergy ( Parish priests and monks)

8. The Nobility 350,000 and owned 30% of land Many privileges, ruled society and were exempt from many taxes, including the Taille. Constantly seeking power from monarchy and even resisted arbitrary actions by the kings.

9. The Third Estate Largest estate Least amount of rights Most of the population 80 % of third estate were peasants 20% were bourgeoisie. Paid all taxes including the taille.

10. Causes of unrest Enlightenment Financial crisis -bad harvests in 1787 and 1788 -inflation -famine -bankrupt government from increased expenses at court and helping the Colonist in the American Revolution

11. What’s cookin’ in ti Kitch’en Financial crisis forces Louis XVI to call a meeting of the estates-general to raise new taxes A sort of parliament First time in a long time

12. Estates General 1 st estate- 300 reps 2 nd estate-300 reps 3 rd estate- 600 reps ( wanted a constitution) Each estate =1 vote May 5, 1789 Third estate demanded each reps vote should count. Why do you believe the 1 st and 2 nd estate disagreed?

13. National assembly King favored old system June 17 third estate decides to draft constitution but finds the meeting place locked June 20 th meet at nearby tennis court (indoors) and swear oath to draft the constitution.

15. Bastille – July 14, 1789 –Municipal Government trying to get arms Revolts in the countryside King’s control is rejected and revolution had begun His failure to stop the people at Bastille and use the troops to stop the National Assembly sinals his end.

18. Actions of the National Assembly Destruction of privilege Declaration of the Rights of Man Secularization of the church New constitution

19. “Bringing back the baker and the bakers wife” Remember the king lives at Versailles not Paris Thousand of Parisian women march to Versailles to bring the royal family back to Paris! Why? Cost of bread. People starving while the court feasts. Louis XVI brings flour back to Paris with him for the people ( too little too late) “Bringing back the baker and the Bakers Wife”

21. Church becomes secularized Assembly seized and sold the Church’s land Wrote and forced clergy to swear to a civil constitution of the clergy. Many Catholic parishioners, priests, and bishops become enemies of revolution (arrested by revolutionaries).

22. New Constitution 1791 Limited monarchy Legislative assembly to make laws No slavery Voting rights ( for many not all)

23. War with Austria European leaders fear the revolution would spread to their countries Austria threatens to restore order to France and restore the King- why Austria? National Assembly declares war on Austria Army does poorly

24. Sans Culottes Members of the Paris commune Radical group and used mob attacks on royals and politicians Wore trousers instead of knee-length breeches Led by Georges Danton and Jean-Paul Marat Very radical –arrested and massacred anyone who supported the king.

25. Sept 1792 people elect a National Convention 2 factions: 1.Girondins 2. Mountains ( for the death of the king) Both Jacobins

26. Death of a King Convention held trial and elected to kill the king Jan. 21, 1793 Louis XVI, King of France was beheaded

27. Domestic crisis Paris Commune vs. western peasants Radical vs. revolutionary

28. Foreign Crisis Louis XVI’s execution outraged European powers 1793 a coalition was prepared to invade France If victorious the revolution would be over and revolutionaries killed. Chaos continues and what happens in choas?

29. Committee on Public safety Convention gives extreme power to 12 men Dominated at first by Georges Danton and then Maximilien Robespierre

30. Reign of Terror 1793-1794 Revolutionary courts established 40,000 people killed 16,000 guillotined Marie Antoinette and the Royal Family Grapeshot used to hurry the process Attack on Lyons, France Attack on Nantes, France- barges of people sunk and drowned

31. A New France, a New Society The Republic of Virtue Monsieur and Madame replaced by citizen or citizeness Women wore long Roman like dresses Price limits on goods established Religious names and the word saint stripped from street names and buildings. Churches allowed to be pillaged

32. Continued de-christianization Priest ordered to marry Notre Dame Cathedral renamed “Temple of Reason” A new religion to the Supreme Being of Wisdom introduced

33. New calendar Based on September 22 1792- 1 st day of Republic not Christ’s birth Each month 10 day weeks 12 months No Sundays or holidays New month names Not very effective

34. A new army French Revolutionary army Largest in Europe= 1 million Creation of a people’s government not a King’s army!

35. End of Terror, End of Robespierre After the defeat of foreign foes, people feared Robespierre. Why? Robespierre condemned and guillotined July 28 1794

36. Constitution of 1795 August 1795 Stopped CPS National Bicameral assembly 1. lower house 2. upper house Chosen by electors Ruled with the Directory

37. Directory toppled by Napoleon in a coup d'état