1. Anchors

2. Function Roof, Wall or Floor – Temperature? – Chemical attack on the anchors? – Do they need to support the weight of the lining? – Or are the anchors only required to hold the lining in place? – Type and thickness of the insulation? – Expansion/movement of the lining?

3. Materials Steel alloy anchors Max. spec. temp.Actual max. temp –304 (Cr/Ni 18/8) 1.4301 800 o C 900 - 1000 o C –309 (Cr/Ni 1.4828 1000 o C –253MA (Cr/Ni ) 1.4893 1050 o C 1100 - 1200 o C –310/314 (Cr/Ni 25/20) 1.4841 1150 o C 1100 - 1200 o C –310S (Cr/Ni 25/20)1.4845 1150 o C 1100 - 1200 o C Other factors : Stable/fluctuating temperatures, Sigma phase development, Chemical attack, Ceramic anchors 1400 - 1800 o C – Pressed brick – Precast LCC

4. Steel Alloy Anchors Flat anchors –Simple to produce –Low cost Round anchors –Corrugated Cast steel anchors

5. Steel Alloy Anchors Guidelines –Length of anchor 2/3 of total lining thickness Never closer to the hot face than 20mm –Size6 – 12mm depending on load and risk of chemical attack –SpacingLining thickness 200 – 350mm : spacing 200 – 250mm Lining thickness under 100mm : spacing 50 – 100mm –WeldingElectrode must match the highest grade of steel used –ExpansionAlways use plastic caps

6. Ceramic Anchors Pressed brick anchors

7. Ceramic Anchors Traditionally - plastic or wooden wedges are used to hold the anchors horizontal

8. Ceramic Anchors

9. Precast LCC Anchors Round shape Smaller diameter Stronger Same expansion as the castable

10. Ceramic Anchors Pressed brick anchors Precast LCC