1. LIGO-GXX What is LIGO (LSC/GEO/Virgo/…)? Gabriela González, Louisiana State University For the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the Virgo Collaboration LIGO Livingston Observatory, Louisiana, USA LIGO Hanford Observatory Washington, USA Virgo detector, Cascina, Italy

2. LIGO-GXX Gravitational waves Gravitational waves are quadrupolar distortions of distances between freely falling masses. They are produced by time-varying mass quadrupoles. 2 +, x and averaged strain sensitivity LIGO-T970101

3. LIGO-GXX Not a simple Michelson interferometer! 3 Rep. Prog. Phys. 72 (2009) 076901 arXiv:0711.3041200711 LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory

4. LIGO-GXX 4 Interferometer Noise LASER test mass (mirror) beamsplitter Residual gas scattering Wavelength & amplitude fluctuations photodiode Seismic Noise Thermal (Brownian) Noise Quantum Noise "Shot" noise Radiation pressure

5. LIGO-GXX 5 (LIGO) Design Noise Limits

6. LIGO-GXX LIGO: Steady progress h rms = 3 10 -22

7. LIGO-GXX GW detector network 2002-2006 http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-Hanford,WA X 2 LIGO-Livingston,LA GEO-600 Hannover Germany 7 TAMA300

8. LIGO-GXX LIGO Scientific Collaboration www.ligo.org 8 Hundreds (800+) of people working on technology for LIGO detectors, producing and analyzing the LIGO/GEO data. Science results NSHP/NSBP Conference

9. LIGO-GXX GW detector network 2005-2010 http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-Hanford,WA X 2 LIGO-Livingston,LA GEO-600 Hannover, Germany VIRGO Cascina, Italy 9

10. LIGO-GXX LSC S5 run (Nov’05-Oct’07) With a 15 Mpc average reach, we expected ~ 1 BNS coalescence every ~50 yrs  We were not lucky: data analysis did not find any detections (ligo.org), although we did have a ghost! Predicted observation rates: Class. Quantum Grav. 27 (2010) 173001Class. Quantum Grav. 27 (2010) 173001 S5 (and all) papers in https://www.lsc-group.phys.uwm.edu/ppcomm/Papers.htmlhttps://www.lsc-group.phys.uwm.edu/ppcomm/Papers.html 10 NSHP/NSBP Conference

11. LIGO-GXX “initial” GW network searches Find all LSC results and publications in www.ligo.orgwww.ligo.org https://www.lsc-group.phys.uwm.edu/ppcomm/Papers.html 11 NASA, WMAP Crab pulsar (NASA, Chandra Observatory) NASA, HEASARC ?

12. LIGO-GXX Enhanced GW detector network 2007-2010 http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-Hanford,WA X 2 LIGO-Livingston,LA GEO-600 Hannover, Germany VIRGO Cascina, Italy 12

13. LIGO-GXX 2009/10: Enhanced LIGO, Virgo+ + EM partners

14. LIGO-GXX 2005-2010: binary neutron star reach 14 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A624 (2010) 223 S5 S6 NSHP/NSBP Conference

15. LIGO-GXX 15 Observing Partners During S6/VSR2+3 Mostly (but not all) robotic wide-field optical telescopes  Mainly used for following up GRBs, surveying for supernovae and other optical transients  "Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave transients” http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3498 "Implementation and testing of the first prompt search for electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave transients”http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.3498 X-ray and UV/Optical Radio

16. LIGO-GXX “Big Dog event” 16 Data from a 3-detector network localized the source (very roughly) near Canis Major. Practiced a system to follow up triggers with EM telescopes/satellites. http://ligo.org/news/blind-injection.php You can get the detector data and other details: http://ligo.org/science/GW100916/ http://ligo.org/science/GW100916/ NSHP/NSBP Conference

17. LIGO-GXX GWs or glitches? 17 H1 S6D, offline vetoes

18. LIGO-GXX GW detector network 2011-2014 http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ GEO-600 Hannover, Germany

19. LIGO-GXX Present: Advanced LIGO detectors Funding in place, installation already in progress, end of construction in 2015. 19 NOW

20. LIGO-GXX GW detector network 2015 http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-Hanford,WA X 2? LIGO-Livingston,LA GEO-600 Hannover, Germany (LIGO: 1-hr lock - ??? Mpc)

21. LIGO-GXX Projected Noise Spectra 21 case NS-NS BH-BH (30 M  ) No SRM 150 Mpc1.60 Gpc 0-det low P 145 Mpc1.65 Gpc 0-det high P 190 Mpc1.85 Gpc NS-NS tuned 200 Mpc1.65 Gpc Orientation-averaged detection range for binary inspirals Factor of ~10 better amplitude sensitivity than initial detectors  Factor of ~1000 greater volume of space Best guess: will detect dozens per year Advanced LIGO shown; Advanced Virgo similar

22. LIGO-GXX LIGO detectors: near future! Neutron Star Binaries: Initial LIGO: ~15 Mpc  rate ~1/50yrs Advanced LIGO: ~ 200 Mpc “Realistic rate” ~ 40/year Class. Quant. Grav. 27, 173001 (2010) 22

23. LIGO-GXX (LIGO) Open data release plan 2010201120132012201420152016201720182019 L1H2H1 S6 Engineering Runs SE1SE2SE3SE4SE5SE6 NOW Release 1: First Detections Release 2A: Immediate Triggers Release 2B: Full Data Dates are “guaranteed no earlier” 2.5 years 23 LIGO data management plan (public) LIGO-M1000066 (dcc.ligo.org)

24. LIGO-GXX GW detector network 2015+ http://www.oera.net/How2/PlanetTexs/ LIGO-Hanford,WA X 2? LIGO-Livingston,LA GEO-600 Hannover, Germany VIRGO Cascina, Italy LCGT Kamioka mine, Japan 24 LIGO-India?

25. LIGO-GXX Other GW windows 25 / Virgo