1. Matter and Energy
It’s elemental!

2. Atoms The most basic component of all matter.
The smallest particle of an element that has ALL the chemical properties of that element.
Made of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons.

3. Elements Matter made of a SINGLE type of atom.
They CANNOT be broken down into different kinds of matter.
Quick Facts:
118 Elements known or predicted
90 formed by nature, 28 created in laboratories
All are classified in the Periodic Table of the Elements

4. Periodic Table Elements are written as symbols H = Hydrogen
He = Helium
Elements are written as symbols
Usually represented by 1-2 letters
The first letter is always capitalized
The second letter is lower case

5. Periodic Table Elements are arranged by atomic number Columns Rows
Represent families
7 Rows
Represent periods
Rows

6. Periodic Table Elements are divided by properties Metals on the left
Shiny, conductors, malleable
Nonmetals on the right
Dull, not conductors, brittle
Metalloids are the dotted stair step
They have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals

7. Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Shiny
Malleable
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Why?: They have the ability to easily move electrons to their outer shells.
Ex:
Al – Aluminum
Au – Gold
Dull
Brittle
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Why?: They gain electrons easily.
Cl – Chlorine
Ne - Neon
Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Good semiconductors
Boiling points, melting points, and densities vary
Si – Silicon
B - Boron

8. Compounds and mixtures
A substance containing two or more substances MIXED together.
Can be separated by mechanical means.
The two or more substances are mixed in a way that each remains UNCHANGED.
Example: Salad Dressing
Compound
A substance formed from two or more elements with a fixed ration determining the composition.
The elements lose their individual properties and the new compound has new properties.
Examples: Water (Hydrogen and Oxygen)
Salt (Sodium and Chlorine)

9. Elements essential to life
CHONPS: C H O N P S
arbon
ydrogen
xygen
itrogen
hosphorus
ulfur
These elements are found in abundance on solid Earth, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans.

10. The Earth’s Crust
Notice how the same element, oxygen, makes up the majority of both the Earth’s crust and the human body.
This displays how essential oxygen is to both life and Earth.

11. Abundance of Elements in soil, Sea, and Plant Life
The bar graph shows the abundance of elements in the Earth’s crust, ocean, and plants.
This graph shows that in addition to CHONPS there are other elements that occur frequently in the composition of life and earth.
Can you name one of these elements besides CHONPS?

12. Now it’s your turn to test your knowledge!
On the next few slides you will see a series of pictures, on your “Matter and Energy” student worksheet write if the picture represents an element, compound, or mixture.
Remember:
An element contains just one type of atom.
A compound contains two or more different atoms joined together.
A mixture contains two or more different substances physically joined together.
Element?
Compound?

13. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water

14. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Diamond

15. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Gold

16. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Chex Mix

17. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salt

18. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Neon

19. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Skittles

20. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Sugar

21. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Stir-Fry

22. Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Sand