1. The Making of Modern America: Coal Unionization in Alabama July 14, 2011

2. Miners Unions 1830s: Origins 1830s: Origins 1850s: miners’ unions 1850s: miners’ unions 1869-87: Knights of Labor 1869-87: Knights of Labor 1890: United Mine Workers (UMW) 1890: United Mine Workers (UMW) 10% AL budget: leased convicts to Tennessee Coal and Iron (TCI) 10% AL budget: leased convicts to Tennessee Coal and Iron (TCI) “Judicial mixture” and “Biracial unionism” “Judicial mixture” and “Biracial unionism”

3. Alabama: 1890-1908 Strikes: 1890, 1894 Strikes: 1890, 1894 1904-6 TCI strike 1904-6 TCI strike 1908: US Steel 1908: US Steel July 1908: Strike, militia, strikebreakers, violence July 1908: Strike, militia, strikebreakers, violence – Aug.: Evans document: reappraisal?

4. Turning Point: 1908 Braxton Bragg Comer and Progressivism Martial law Tent cities destroyed Strikers = “vagrants” = convict labor Henry Debardeleben, miners and race

5. Post-war strife World War I World War I 1919: National UMW strike 1919: National UMW strike – Red Scare 1920-21: “Wildcats” 1920-21: “Wildcats” What elements of our “modern America” list can be found in this microhistory?