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Do Now Happy Valentine’s Day! Physical ScienceFebruary 14 th 2011 SWBAT identify the properties of solids liquids and gases. COPY THE FOLLOWING DEFINITION & EXPLAINATION The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess. This theory has 3 basic assumptions: Matter is composed of small particles (molecules). The measure of space that the molecules take up (volume) is measured by the space in-between the molecules and not the space the molecules contain themselves. The molecules are in constant motion. This motion is different for the 3 states of matter.
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Solids Liquids Gases Plasma
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Have a definite shape Have a definite volume Molecules are held close together and there is very little movement between them. Kinetic Molecular Theory
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Have an indefinite shape Have a definite volume Kinetic Molecular Theory Atoms and molecules have more space between them than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It is more “fluid”.)
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Have an indefinite shape Have an indefinite volume Kinetic Molecular Theory Molecules are moving in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the particles.
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At 100°C, water becomes water vapor, a gas. Molecules can move randomly over large distances. Below 0°C, water solidifies to become ice. In the solid state, water molecules are held together in a rigid structure. Between 0°C and 100 °C, water is a liquid. In the liquid state, water molecules are close together, but can move about freely.
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Changing states requires energy in either the form of heat. Changing states may also be due to the change in pressure in a system. Heat of formation, H f. Heat of vaporization, H v
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Plasma is by far the most common form of matter. Plasma in the stars and in the tenuous space between them makes up over 99% of the visible universe and perhaps most of that which is not visible.
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Plasma temperatures and densities range from relatively cool and tenuous (like aurora) to very hot and dense (like the central core of a star). Ordinary solids, liquids, and gases are both electrically neutral and too cool or dense to be in a plasma state.
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(Above) X-ray view of Sun from Yohkoh, ISAS and NASAISASNASA Star formation in the Eagle Nebula Space Telescope Science Institute, NASA Space Telescope Science InstituteNASA (below)
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Classwork & Homework Complete the Directed Reading: Classifying Matter – Must be turned in by end of class today Homework: Chapter 2 Section 1 – Pages 38 44 – Copy all definitions from section – Copy the summary on page 44
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