1. “zone of inaccessibility” Edmund Byrne, 1998 “The right to be alone” Warren and Brandeis, 1890 COMP 381

2. Views on Privacy  “All this secrecy is making life harder, more expensive, dangerous …” Peter Cochran, BT Research  “You have zero privacy anyway.” Scott McNealy, Sun  “By 2010, privacy will become a meaningless concept in western society” Gartner report

3. Aspects of Privacy  Secrecy Limiting dissemination of information  Anonymity Protection from undesired attention  Solitude Lack of proximity Ruth Gavison 1984

4. Historical Basis of Privacy  Code of Hammurabi 1760 BCE crime to break a hole through the wall of another’s house  Justice of Peace Act England 1361 Peeping Toms and eavesdroppers

5. Current Basis of Privacy  Universal Declaration of Human Rights Universal Declaration of Human Rights United Nations 1948 Article 12  European Convention on Human Rights European Convention on Human Rights European Council 1950 Article 8  US Constitution: Bill of Rights US Constitution: Bill of Rights Evolution from property rights Amendment IV

6. Without Privacy  Extrinsic loss of freedom Ability of others to control our behavior Coercion or imposition of others’ wills  Intrinsic loss of freedom Changes how we behave “anticipatory conformity”  Autonomy requires privacy

7. Privacy and Identity  Identity sense of self distinct personality of an individual an individual's comprehension of him or herself as a discrete, separate entity  What defines your identity?

8. Privacy and Trust  In order to trust others, need to know something about them Privacy impedes  In order to build STRONGEST trust between two people, need to create a bond Requires privacy

9. Importance of Privacy  Privacy and relationships  How is it different from pre- computers/networks? Electronic alter ego  Identity convergence Identity convergence

10. Everyone Agrees  Privacy is not absolute in society … why ?  Willing to divulge SOME information in exchange for SOME economic or social benefit….  BUT reasonable expectation about how it’s treated…  What is known about you?

11. Controversy & Challenge  My right to informational privacy vs. others’ right to know vs. security  Does it have to be versus?  Is it really a zero-sum game?

12. My rights  Shouldn’t I have a say?  Why should I care?  Decisions made about us  Effect if data are Incomplete? Erroneous? Sensitive?

13. Legal Realities of Privacy  Self-regulation approach in US, Japan  Comprehensive laws in Europe, Canada, Australia  European Union Limits data collection Requires comprehensive disclosures Prohibits data export to unsafe countries ○ Or any country for some types of data

14. Privacy Impingement In the Past  Go to the court or town hall  Go through trash  Interview people  Eavesdrop/wiretap  Surveillance  Breaking and entering

15. … and Today  Public records easier to find  Publications spread faster  Surveillance  Keeping records of what you do on the web Shopping Surfing Searching  Breaches

16. Privacy on the Web  The right to have information that you don’t expect to be available to others remain that way  On many sites, you give up your right to privacy  But there are also other more insidious ways  Google Dashboard

17. Aspects of Privacy  Transparency and Control: knowing what is being collected  Anonymity  Security Data breaches chronology Data breaches Mike Reiter lecture in 2 weeks

18. Impediments to Privacy  Cookies Web site retaining cookies for 5 years  Sniffing, Snarfing, Snorting Forms of capturing packets over network Differ by how much info & what is done with it  Surveillance Different forms? Google Street View  Data collection and sharing

19. What’s Coming: Web 3.0  Semantic Web Assign meanings -> further connections

20. Identity Theft  “crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person’s personal data in some way that involves fraud or deception”  Identity Theft is a Federal Offense  Crimes of Persuasion Crimes of Persuasion  Commercial Commercial

21. (Stop Internet Fraud and Identity Theft)

22. And a final note… Pizza ParlorPizza Parlor knows all