1. Elbow and Forearm Complex
ESAT 3600
Fundamentals of Athletic Training

2. Elbow joint Distal end of humerus, proximal end of ulna and radius
2 joints
Ulnohumeral (Trochlear)
Radiohumeral

3. Elbow Skeletal Review (Humerus)
Medial epicondyle
Lateral epicondyle
Trochlea
Capitulum
Coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa

4. Elbow Skeletal Review (RU)
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Head of radius
Radial tuberosity

5. Elbow Arthrology Ulnohumeral joint Radiohumeral joint Resting position
70° elbow flexion
10° forearm supination
Closed pack position
Extension + supination
Movements
Flexion/Extension
Radiohumeral joint
Resting position
Full extension + full supination
Closed packed position
90° elbow flexion
5° forearm supination
Movements
Flexion/Extension
Supination/Pronation

6. Cubital Valgus Angle aka – Carrying Angle

7. Elbow Arthrokinematics

8. Elbow Joint Stability Strong bony stability Strong joint capsule
4 ligaments
Annular
Prevents lateral displacement of radial head
Lateral (radial) collateral
Radial component
Ulnar component

9. Elbow Joint Stability Continued
Ulnar collateral
Anterior band
Posterior band

10. Musculature’s Role in Elbow Joint Stability and Movement
Muscle stability provided by all muscles that cross joint
Including wrist flexors and extensors
Flexion
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
Pronator teres
Extension
Triceps brachii
Anconeus

11. Radioulnar (RU) Joint 3 articulations Weak bony arrangement
Proximal
Middle
Distal
Weak bony arrangement
Strong ligamentous

12. RU Arthrology Proximal Radioulnar joint Distal radioulnar joint
Resting position
35° supination
70° elbow flexion
Closed packed position
Distal radioulnar joint
Resting position
10° supination
Closed packed position
5° supination

13. RU Arthrokinematics

14. Ligamentous Stability of the Radioulnar Joint
Proximal
Annular ligament
Middle
Interosseous membrane
Distal
A/P radioulnar ligaments
fibrodisc

15. Musculature’s Role in Radioulnar Joint Stability and Movement
Muscles that cross radius and ulna provide stability
Supination
Supinator
Biceps brachii
Pronation
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

16. Mechanics of Biceps Pull
3 joint muscle
Medial attachment to radius acts as wheel-axel configuration
Produces supination of pronated/neutral forearm
Powerful supinator at 90° of elbow flexion

17. Dual Role of the Pronator Quadratus

18. Muscles of Shoulder and Elbow
Biceps brachii
O: long head – supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; short head – apex of coracoid process of the scapula
I: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
A: flexes and supinates the forearm at the elbow
RO-IA: both heads are active during flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint, with the long head being more active

19. Muscle of the Elbow Brachioradialis
O: proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
I: lateral side of base of styloid process of the radius
A: flexion of the forearm at the elbow. Pronates and supinates to mid position

20. Muscle of the Elbow Brachialis
O: lower ½ of the anterior surface of the humerus
I: tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna
A: flexes forearm at the elbow

21. Muscles of Shoulder and Elbow
Triceps brachii
O: long head – infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; lateral head – superior ½ of posterior lateral surface of humerus; medial head – inferior 2/3 on the posterior surface of the humerus
I: supraposterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna and deep fascia of the forearm
A: extends forearm at the elbow. Long head aids in adduction and extension of the arm at the shoulder

22. Muscle of the Elbow Anconeus
O: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral side of olecranon process and posterior surface of proximal portion of ulna
A: Extension and pronation of forearm at the elbow

23. Muscles of the Radioulnar Joint
Supinator
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament of elbow, annular ligament of radius and the supinator crest of ulna
I: an oblique line on the lateral anterior surface of the upper 1/3 of radius
A: supinates the forearm

24. Muscles of the Radioulnar Joint
Pronator Teres
O: humeral head – common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and common flexor tendon; ulnar head – medial side of coronoid process of ulna
I: Middle 1/3 of lateral surface of radius
A: pronation of forearm and flexion of forearm at the elbow

25. Muscles of the Radioulnar Joint
Pronator Quadratus
O: distal ¼ of the anterior surface of the ulna
I: distal ¼ of the anterior surface of the radius
A: pronates the forearm