1. By: Michael White

2.  Definitions 3 Slides  Common Methodologies 7 Slides  Capacitive Pendulum 4 Slides  Works Cited  Questions

3.  Newton's Third Law  For every action there is an equal and opposite re- action.  Newton’s Second Law  Force = change in momentum with time

5.  Used for controlling orientation  Requires less thrust than propulsion system

6.  Strain Gauge  Piezoelectric Sensor

7.  Uses predictable elastic properties of materials  Change in resistance  Useful for measuring large forces  Commonly used in scales

8.  Commonly used for more powerful propulsion systems  Difficult to isolate frictional losses and mechanical noise and vibrations

9.  Material generates an electric potential when a force is applied  Shares the same pitfalls as strain gauge measurement

10.  Typically optical sensors are used  Uses the principles of Work and Energy

11.  Difficult to overcome mechanical noise and vibrations as well as frictional losses

13.  Uses electronic principle of capacitance  Needle point fulcrums eliminate frictional losses  Double pendulum plates eliminate mechanical noise

14.  Needle point fulcrum  Reduced Contact Area = Reduced Friction  Double Pendulum  Identical pendulums react identically to stimulation

15.  Generate a mathematical model to define the forces acting on the pendulum  Simple Form  Fg = mg cosΘ  More advanced math required

16.  Series of amplifiers and filters used to measure the change in signal

17.  http://www.grc.nasa.gov http://www.grc.nasa.gov  http://images.machinedesign.com http://images.machinedesign.com  www.answers.com/topic/piezoelectricity www.answers.com/topic/piezoelectricity  Traceable calibration of the 3-axis thrust vector in the millinewton range, EB Hughes and S Oldfield, National Physical Laboratory  Direct Thrust Measurement of In-FEEP Clusters, IEPC-2005-235, K. Marhold and M. Tajmar, ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH  Rocket Thrust Measurement For an Estes B6-2 Model Rocket Engine, Peter Hyatt, Jeremy LeFevre, Russell Dibb, Bringham Young University  Thrust stand for ground tests of solid propellant microthrusters, S. Orieux and C. Rossi and D. Esteve, Review of Scientific Instruments, Volume73, Number 7, July 2002  A Ground Test Rocket Thrust Measurement System, Mary Fran Desrochers, Gary W. Olsen, M. K. Hudson, Department of Applied Science and the Graduate Institute of Technology, University of Arkansas  MilliNewton Thrust Stand Calibration Using Electrostatic Fins, Allen H. Yan, Bradley C. Appel, Jacob G. Gedrimas, Purdue University  A Double Pendulum Precision Thrust Measurement Balance, T.F. Yang, Ping Liu, F.R. Chang-Diaz, Harvey Lander, R.A. Childs, H.D. Becker and S.A. Fairfax, Plasma Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology