1. ESS Pre- Operations Dave McGinnis Accelerator Division/RF Group

2. Pre-Operations (my definition) Starts when we try to accelerate one proton down the beam tube Until we achieve 5 million Watts (5 MegaWatts) – 900 trillion protons per pulse – 14 times a second – Beam voltage of 2.5 billion volts

3. What is 5 MegaWatts? At 5 MegaWatts, – one beam pulse has the same energy as a 16 lb (7.2kg) shot traveling at – 1100 km/hour – Mach 0.93 Has the same energy as a 1000kg car traveling at 96 km/hour Happens 14 x per second – You boil 1000 kg of ice in 83 seconds A ton of tea!!!

4. Pre-Pre-Operations Will start during construction. As soon as a small section of the accelerator is ready (Ion Source->RFQ- >Drift Tube) – We will run beam to check out major systems (controls, RF, instrumentation, operations staff…) Beam is the Ultimate System Integrator! Commissioning will happen from 8pm – 8am – Construction and repair will happened during the day

5. Accelerator Readiness Because of the immense damage the beam can cause we will have to prepare procedures to makes sure all systems are ready – A BIG DEAL For example, formal sign-offs of all the systems: – Safety (shielding, interlocks, electrical,…) – Electrical – Vacuum – Instrumentation – RF – Cryogenics

6. Pre-Operations Once the machine is cold, and the accelerator is ready, we will begin round- the-clock operations – It is too expensive to not run round-the- clock – We have to maintain configuration control We will need to make a detailed commissioning plan – Detailed shift plan for 3 shifts per day for 3 months. People, tasks, tools – Plan will be invalid after the first shift “Plans are worthless, but planning is everything. ” Dwight Eisenhower

7. Staff We will need two types of crews – Operations crew (permanent) 3 operators/crew 5 crews – Scientist/ Engineer crew (temporary) 2 staff members/crew 6-7 crews We will need coordination – Machine coordinator (scientist) – Machine scheduler (operations) Meetings – Shift change meetings – Daily operations meetings

8. Super Rough Schedule ~1 month to thread the beam 1-6 months for 100kW beam 6-24 months for > 2 MW beam What are we doing between 2020-2025???

9. “If it works the first time, then its over-designed” Archimedes to his junior engineer, Wally, ~220 B.C

10. Upgrades A “gold-plated” accelerator is un- affordable. We have to plan to upgrade (fix) systems that did not perform as expected – Every large accelerator system built has taught us this LHC Tevatron SNS … Funding will be needed during the pre-operations phase for upgrades.