1. Greenhouse effect Project-Based Global Climate Change Education Curriculum Development Workshop Clarkson University

2. Global radiation Source: Trenberth et al. (2009). http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/Trenberth/trenberth.papers/10.1175_2008BAM2634.1.pdf http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/Trenberth/trenberth.papers/10.1175_2008BAM2634.1.pdf

3. Earth-Sun Interaction http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

4. Solar radiation The sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation – The emission characteristics of sun’s radiation can be understood by considering it as a black-body – A blackbody is an idealized body which is a perfect absorber of all electromagnetic radiation The energy is spread over a range of wavelengths The wavelength corresponding to the peak energy is dependent on the temperature of the black body

5. Wavelengths

6. Black-body radiation Blackbody radiation – Thermal radiation of a black body – Earth and Sun can be considered as blackbodies i.e., perfect absorbers of radiation Emission spectrum is dependent on the temperature of the body Emission spectrum is dependent on the temperature of the body Source: PhET, University of Colorado. http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbody-spectrum http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/blackbody-spectrum Note: Flash required to run this program (http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ )http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/

7. Emission profiles Sun (5777K) Earth (300K)

8. Incoming solar radiation Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

9. Solar radiation balance at the surface Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

10. Greenhouse gases Greenhouse effect – Long-wave radiation absorbed by molecules in the atmosphere Result in increase in temperature of the atmosphere Radiate energy back to earth – Visualization of the greenhouse effect CO 2 interaction with radiation CO 2 interaction with radiation – Source: King's Centre for Visualization in Science,The King's University College, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html The different greenhouses gases – Source: http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html Source: http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html Earth’s temperature as a function of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration Earth’s temperature as a function of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration – Source: PhET, University of Colorado; http://phet.colorado.edu/)http://phet.colorado.edu/

11. Solar radiation spectrum Source: Wikipedia

12. Atmosphere Energy Budget Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EnergyBalance/

13. Global radiation Source: Trenberth et al. (2009). http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/Trenberth/trenberth.papers/10.1175_2008BAM2634.1.pdf http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/cas/Trenberth/trenberth.papers/10.1175_2008BAM2634.1.pdf

14. Radiation budget Source: http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SCOOL/energy_budget.htmlhttp://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/SCOOL/energy_budget.html

15. Radiation spectra Source: Wikipedia

16. Applets Install Java – To check if Java is already installed in your computer, go to, http://www.java.com/en/download/installed.jsp http://www.java.com/en/download/installed.jsp – If not, download the program (http://www.java.com/en/)http://www.java.com/en/ Adobe Flash – Test your Adobe Flash installation (http://www.adobe.com/software/flash/about/ ) – Install Adobe flash (http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/)http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ Applets source: – Radiation http://itg1.meteor.wisc.edu/wxwise/radiation/tez.html – CO2-radiation interaction and IR spectra http://www.kcvs.ca/site/projects/climate.html – Greenhouse gas and Earth’s temperature http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/greenhouse – Carbon Cycle http://es.carboncycle.aos.wisc.edu/carbon-budget-tool/ Other References: – IPCC report, 2007 – Hardy J.T., Climate change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions, Wiley Publications, 2006 – www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov – Wikipedia