1. State vs Trait Constructs

2. Criterion vs Norm referenced n Criterion reference = compares to established standard, well defined objectives n Norm referenced = compares each score to other scores, relative

3. Norms n Types of norms?????

4. Sampling n Random n Stratified n Purposive n Incidental/convenience

5. Correlations n NOT causal n relationship between variables n predictive

6. Scatterplot

7. Positive Correlation

8. Negative Correlation

9. No correlation

10. Correlation values -1 to +1.56, -.45, -.09,.89, -.93

11. Appropriate Correlations 1 - data must be linear not curvilinear (determine by scatterplot)

12. Curvilinear

13. Appropriate Correlation to use 1 – linear data 2 - type of scale interval (or ratio) = Pearson r ordinal = Spearman rho 3 - number of subjects more than 30 = Pearson fewer than 30 = Spearman

14. Decision Tree Linear No = no corryes = corr Scale Scale ordinal = rho interval = r number number 30 = r 30 = r

15. Multiple correlations n Correlations between more than one variable done at the same time.

16. Multiple regression n Relationship between more variables n Uses specific predictor and criterion variables n Looks at relationships between predictors n Can factor out partial relationships

17. Multiple regression - example n Grad school grade performance = criterion (or outcome) n Predictor variables = undergrad GPA = undergrad GPA = GRE scores = GRE scores = Quality of statement of purpose = Quality of statement of purpose

18. Multiple regression data PredictorBeta (=r) significance (p) GPA.80.01 GRE.55.05 statement.20.20

19. Multiple regression – example 2 n Predictor variables = Metacognition, Locus of Control, Learning Style n Criterion variable = academic performance (grade)

20. Multiple regression data PredictorBeta (=r) significance (p) Meta..75.01 LofC.65.05 L.S..32.15

21. Meta-analysis

22. Project questions n 4 - Does your test measure a state or a trait? u Explain. n 5 - What sort of norms would be appropriate to collect to standardize your measure? u Why did you select those norms? n 6 - Which correlation formula would you use when correlating the scores from your measure with another variable? u Why?