1. Chapter 5
Exercise is Medicine
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2. Historically, it has been the belief that exercise is medicine.
Hippocrates : “ If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise ….we would have the safest way to health”
Pioneer epidemiologist, R. Paffenbarger, Jeremy Morris, and early pioneers in sports medicine, such as Ken Cooper, all contributed research that revealed the significance of activity in reducing all cause mortality.
Science has helped us to understand that exercise prevents disease and can reduce the severity of disease. Exercise, even in small doses, can significantly improve life quality and significantly reduce the risk of disease.
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3. What has exercise done for you?
Exercise is Medicine
What has exercise done for you?
How has exercise improved your life quality?
So, how is exercise like “medicine” in your life?
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4. Exercise is Medicine
Physical Activity : “ A behavior that occurs from skeletal muscle contraction and results in increased energy expenditure above a resting metabolic rate”.
Exercise training is a subcategory of physical activity that is structured towards enhancing one of the components of fitness.
The total “dose” of exercise (Volume) is more important than the specific mode
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5. Physical Fitness is a set of attributes:
Exercise is Medicine
Physical Fitness is a set of attributes:
Cardio respiratory Fitness
Muscular Fitness
Endurance
Strength
Flexibility
Body Composition
Those individuals who have low levels of physical fitness are the same who can make the greatest gains by participating in any attribute of physical fitness.
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6. 1) Physical activity significantly reduces all cause mortality
Exercise is Medicine
Physical activity may be used to prevent and treat disease. The study of factors influencing the health and illness in the population is Epidemiology. Thus, exercise has been studied by epidemiologists to determine the impact exercise has on changing the level of illness in the population.
1) Physical activity significantly reduces all cause mortality
2) Physical activity significantly reduces morbidly associated with sedentary lifestyle.
3) Physical inactivity (sedentary lifestyle) is the key antecedent to most chronic diseases.
4) Chronic diseases accounted for 75% of the $2 trillion health care budget in 2005.
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7. Let’s Think and Discuss: (see Table 3.1, p. 23 )
Exercise is Medicine
Let’s Think and Discuss:
(see Table 3.1, p. 23 )
What price does physical inactivity wage on QUALITY of life?
How can one assess the “cost” of sedentary living?
How can we help others experience the improvements in the quality of life ?
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8. 1) Improved body composition 2) Improved Lipoprotein profiles
Exercise is Medicine
Selected list of “Physical Activity and Disease Risk Reduction Mechanisms” ( p. 24, text)
1) Improved body composition
2) Improved Lipoprotein profiles
3) Improved glucose homeostasis and lipoprotein profiles
4) Reduction of blood pressure
5) Improved autonomic tone (reduce rest HR, improve SVI)
6) Improve immune function
7) Reduce inflammatory factors (CVD)
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9. 8) Reduced risk for hemostasis
Exercise is Medicine
Selected list of “Physical Activity and Disease Risk Reduction Mechanisms” ( p. 24, text)
8) Reduced risk for hemostasis
9) Reduced risk for atherogenesis and pathology
10) Improved psychological and mental functioning
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10. Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease
Exercise is Medicine
Exercise and Cardiovascular Disease
Research on Regular Exercise and CVD:
1) Improves CVD risk factors
2) Arrests and may regress CVD pathology
3) Reduces morbidity and co-morbidity of CVD
4) Reduces mortality of CVD
Research on Regular Exercise and Hypertension:
1) Both acute and chronic reductions in S/DBP.
2) Higher levels of exercise prevent onset of HTN
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11. Research on Regular Exercise and Diabetes:
Exercise is Medicine
Research on Regular Exercise and Diabetes:
1) Reduces the progression of disease
2) Improves glucose tolerance and uptake
3) Improves blood glucose homeostasis
Research on Regular Exercise and Dyslipidemia:
1) Exercise increases HDL levels (improves HDL/LDL ration) and enhanced LPL activity
2) Reduces blood triglyceride levels
3) Best treatment plan involves dietary, exercise, and perhaps pharmacological interventions
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12. Exercise is Medicine
Certification for Exercise Professionals (see also Table 3.2, P.29, text).
ACSM Certified Personal Trainer
ACSM Health Fitness Specialist
ACSM Clinical Exercise Specialist
ACSM Clinical Exercise Physiologist
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