1. Tourism & Recreation Sentosa, Pulau Semakau Sources of pollution: 1.Increased tourism  More waste 2.Corals plucked out of curiosity 3.Waste not disposed properly Impacts of pollution: Toxins, brought along with waste, accumulate in food chains, causing damage to marine organisms. Solid plastic wastes harm sea mammals and birds, altering predation pressures. These will affect the ecosystem’s equilibrium adversely if left unchecked. Measures: Upping fines might deter tourists from disposing their waste inappropriately. Organizations like ‘Reef Friends’ can be set up to monitor the corals around the islands. Tourism & Recreation Sentosa, Pulau Semakau Sources of pollution: 1.Increased tourism  More waste 2.Corals plucked out of curiosity 3.Waste not disposed properly Impacts of pollution: Toxins, brought along with waste, accumulate in food chains, causing damage to marine organisms. Solid plastic wastes harm sea mammals and birds, altering predation pressures. These will affect the ecosystem’s equilibrium adversely if left unchecked. Measures: Upping fines might deter tourists from disposing their waste inappropriately. Organizations like ‘Reef Friends’ can be set up to monitor the corals around the islands. Military Pulau Sudong, Pulau Pawai, Pulau Senang Sources of pollution: The above islands are well-protected. However, military islands overseas face… 1.Loss of habitat – corals and mangrove swamps destroyed to make land for other purposes. Impacts of pollution: The disappearing wetlands filter nitrogen and phosphorus, store carbon, and support fish and seabirds. Salt marshes, corals, and mangroves are suffering from coastal urbanisation. Coral reefs that protect coasts and cradle marine life are being widely mined in land reclamation. These acts decrease the wetlands’ ability to support the ecosystem. Measures: Again, organizations can step up to monitor the corals and mangrove swamps around islands. Also, nature reserves can be initialized to protect the wetlands. Military Pulau Sudong, Pulau Pawai, Pulau Senang Sources of pollution: The above islands are well-protected. However, military islands overseas face… 1.Loss of habitat – corals and mangrove swamps destroyed to make land for other purposes. Impacts of pollution: The disappearing wetlands filter nitrogen and phosphorus, store carbon, and support fish and seabirds. Salt marshes, corals, and mangroves are suffering from coastal urbanisation. Coral reefs that protect coasts and cradle marine life are being widely mined in land reclamation. These acts decrease the wetlands’ ability to support the ecosystem. Measures: Again, organizations can step up to monitor the corals and mangrove swamps around islands. Also, nature reserves can be initialized to protect the wetlands. Industrial Jurong Island, Pulau Busing, Pulau Sebarok, Pulau Bukom Sources of pollution: 1.Industrial waste 2.Construction of underground storage  affects habitats Impacts of pollution: Toxins, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, heavy metals, and pesticides found in industrial waste, accumulate in food chains (bioaccumulation), causing damage to marine organisms. Oil can harm sea mammals and birds, altering predation pressures. These pollutants can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Measures: Our government has set requirements such that industrial wastewater must be treated to the specified standards before discharge into a sewer or watercourse to ensure the marine ecosystem is not disrupted. Industrial Jurong Island, Pulau Busing, Pulau Sebarok, Pulau Bukom Sources of pollution: 1.Industrial waste 2.Construction of underground storage  affects habitats Impacts of pollution: Toxins, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, heavy metals, and pesticides found in industrial waste, accumulate in food chains (bioaccumulation), causing damage to marine organisms. Oil can harm sea mammals and birds, altering predation pressures. These pollutants can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Measures: Our government has set requirements such that industrial wastewater must be treated to the specified standards before discharge into a sewer or watercourse to ensure the marine ecosystem is not disrupted. Dennis & Shao Jie 4E1 Dennis & Shao Jie 4E1