1. Mobile Cellular Phone Revolution in Africa Heloise Emdon, February 2010, Ottawa

2. History of Acacia 1996 – 2001 Demonstration projects Recognition of constraints Affordability, Education 2001-2006 Focus on policy Shift towards networks Acacia I Acacia II Acacia III 2006-2011 Strong networked approach Increased focus on policy change Integration ICTs across all sectors 2003-7: CAD10.4m 2006-11: CAD12m

3. Livelihoods improved

4. New ICT businesses

5. Cell phone banking: mPesa model Client SMS Agent Cash mPesa Cash form mPesa admin Fees & Admin Safaricom Profits

6. M-health Decisions Support Applications CommCare uses OSS JavaRosa

7. RIA Household Study n:20 000

8. ICT Density in 2007

9. Percentage of Income on Mobiles 10 - 17% of income spent on mobile compared to OECD averages of around 5%

10. Mobile pricing Research ICT Africa

11. Mobile Phone users Average monthly WTP for mobile expenditure of non-users that would be interested in getting a mobile phone - R 46.70 (US$ 4.40)* N-households: 20 000 Research ICT Africa

12. Benchmarking study influence policy An interconnection research can be imparted to policy makers to improve the day-to-day lives of people, but also that very real regional rivalries can be a trigger for policy change in Africa.

13. Policy barriers and hindrances in effective telecom regulation 1.Inefficient operators 2.Information asymmetry between regulator and operators 3.Regulatory failure: Dealing with competing interests of consumers and Enterprises investors Storke and Vetter (2009)

14. M-banking the Unbanked – RIA study Research ICT Africa

15. Comparison of the share of individuals with bank accounts and with mobile phones Research ICT Africa

16. Why do you not have a bank account?

17. Household receiving money from another household Research ICT Africa

18. Household sending money to another household Research ICT Africa

19. Airtime Transfer Research ICT Africa

20. What factors would make you prefer sending or receiving airtime rather than cash or transferring money via banks Research ICT Africa

21. Two Models cash-airtime convertibility and mobile wallets

23. YES! Cellular phones meeting needs BUT! Africa lags behind in more costly investments in fixed line and broadband infrastructure necessary to improve education, health and enterprise

24. ICT opportunity Index The Digital Guide to Digital Opportunities (ORBICOM)

25. Sub-saharan Undersea Cables in 2011 - maybe (version 18) Steve Song: www.ma nypossib ilities,co m http://far m3.static.flickr.co m/2462/ 3764474 517_78d 7b452a3.jpg

26. Investments planned for backbone Uganda Kenya Tanzania Ethiopia Burundi Sudan

28. Research ICT Africa Fixed Lines

29. World Growth Reportommit Conclusion 3%-4% of GDP but what was found in the high growth developing countries is that they consistently invested between 5-7% of GDP in infrastructure (amongst which is ICT infrastructure) and education (capabilities) were the countries that demonstrated sustained high growth

30. Questions Heloise Emdon Program Manager Acacia : ICT4D Africa IDRC Ottawa hemdon@idrc.ca