1. By: Adrianna Frazier Gloria Essien 1

2. Chronic respiratory disease Inflammation of the air ways Effects the bronchi, bronchioles and lungs Effects: Wheezing Coughing Difficultly breathing 2

3. A health condition or disease that is higher for one group than the general population Such as: Race Age Sex dis·par·i·ty (n.); 3

4. More common in African-Americans in Massachusetts Dates back to 800 B.C. Mentioned in Homers’ “The Iliad” "Invented” in 400 B.C.: “asthma” - “to pant” 4

5. Respiration – Essential for life Airways and bronchial tubes carry oxygen through: Nose and mouth Trachea Lung cavity Bronchi Bronchioles Nasal cavity Mouth Trachea Lung Cavity 5

6. Allergic Triggered by allergens Exercise-Induced Strenuous exercise Nocturnal Bed allergens Occupational Chemically-Induced Steroid-Resistant Over dose 6 5. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/95146-causes- adult-asthma/.

7. In Massachusetts, more than 9.8% of people have asthma [1] 4.18% of those are African American Minorities – Low income – Poor Quality Care Effects Treatment Plans [6] Prevention Communication Issues Reason for disparity remains unknown 7 1. Gold, D. Population disparities in asthma. (2005) Annual review of public health. 26: 89-113 6. retrieved from http://www.therapytimes.com/harvard_initiates_st udy_to_evaluate_asthma_therapies_in_black_patie nts/content=0902j84c487e588440a0

8. 8 3. Retrieved from http://www.masscosh.org/node/92.

9. Pollution/Environmental conditions Urban areas in Massachusetts [1] Lack of access to quality healthcare Little acknowledgement of severity of symptoms [6] Poverty[4] Affordability/Cost Limits quality of healthcare 9 1. Gold, D. Population disparities in asthma. (2005) Annual review of public health. 26: 89-113 4.Retrieved from http://www.tree.com/health/asthma-types.aspx. 6. retrieved from http://www.therapytimes.com/har

10. Children from birth to 17 years old Why? Smaller airways Second-hand smoke Environmental conditions 3 rd leading cause of hospitalizations Deaths are rare - rate increases with age 10 2. Castillo, R., Jordan, M., Tan, L., & Williams, T. Prevalence of asthma disparities amongst African- American children. (2010) p1-2.

11. Most important: prevent severe asthma attacks Peak Flow Keeps asthma under control Get smart: Trigger prevention Correct /constant use of medication Bronchodilators Inhalers medication 11

12. July 2010- no more inhalers- Interferon [8] June 2011- Bronchial Thermoplasty [7] 12 7.retreived from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/h ealth/article- 2000283/Breakthrough- asthma-operation-burns- away-lung-tissue-radio- waves.html 8.retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/r eleases/2010/07/100713144922. htm

13. Lowell Center/Toxic Use Reduction Institute [9] Education for people Chemical and environmental exposures Improve technology and products Strategic Plan for Asthma in Massachusetts 2010-2014 [9] State plan Understanding role of primary prevention Strategies to replace chemicals that induce asthma 13 9. http://www.mass.gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/com_health/asth ma/state_plan.pdf

14. Prevalence of asthma in African- Americans is most likely due to poverty Lower socioeconomic statuses Poor living and environmental conditions Lack of access to quality healthcare 14

15. 1. Gold, D. Population disparities in asthma. (2005) Annual review of public health. 26: 89-113 2. Castillo, R., Jordan, M., Tan, L., & Williams, T. Prevalence of asthma disparities amongst African-American children. (2010) p1-2. 3. Graham, T. MassCOSH. (2010, March 6). Asthma report. Retrieved from http://www.masscosh.org/node/92. 4. "Types and causes of asthma - health & wellness - tree.com." Tree.com. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.tree.com/health/asthma-types.aspx. 5. Vermillion, F. Claritin.com. (19 Mar. 2010). Causes of adult asthma | livestrong.com - lose weight & get fit with diet, nutrition & fitness tools. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/95146-causes-adult- asthma/. 6. Therapy times, Harvard initiates study to evaluate asthma therapies in black patients, (2011), retrieved from http://www.therapytimes.com/harvard_initiates_study_to_evaluate_asthma _therapies_in_black_patients/content=0902j84c487e588440a040441 15

16. 7. Sophia Borland, Radio wave surgery gives hope to thousands of asthma sufferers, (June 2011), http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article- 2000283/Breakthrough-asthma-operation-burns-away-lung- tissue-radio-waves.html 8. Science daily, (July 14, 2010), Interferon might help asthma patients breathe easier, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100713144922.h tm 9. Government, (2009-2014), Strategic Plan for Asthma in Massachusetts, http://www.mass.gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/com_health/asthma /state_plan.pdf 16