1. Jan M. Rabaey, E. Alon, A. Niknejad, B. Nikolic, J. Wawrzynek, P. Wright, R. Brodersen Scientific Co-Directors Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) University of California at Berkeley A Brand New Wireless Day The Second Decade of BWRC BEARS 2009, February 12, 2008

2. 10 Years of BWRC

3. Ultra-low Power Wireless 60 GHz CMOS Wireless Pulse-Based UWB Cognitive Radio Real-time Prototyping A Decade of Impact Start-up companies, numerous best paper awards, alumni’s as leaders in the wireless industry and academia

4. BWRC – Quo Vadis?  5 Billion people to be connected by 2015 (Source: NSN)  7 trillion wireless devices serving 7 billion people in 2017 (Source: WWRF) 1000 wireless devices per person? [Courtesy: Niko Kiukkonen, Nokia] EE Times, January 07, 2008 Growth of Wireless to Continue Unabatedly!

5. Infrastructional core Sensory swarm Mobile access The Emerging IT Platform

6. The Birth of Societal IT Systems*: Looking Beyond the Devices Complex collections of sensors, controllers, compute and storage nodes, and actuators that work together to improve our daily lives *Also known as SiS

7. Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True Ever Higher Data Rates Ever Further Miniaturization Reliable Universal Coverage

8. Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True Ever Higher Data Rates Ever Further Miniaturization Reliable Universal Coverage

9.  7 trillion radios quickly run out of spectrum …  Wireless is notoriously unreliable  Heterogeneity causes incompatibilities  Most devices energy-constrained

10. Imagine a Different World IEEE Proceedings, July 2008 How would you build your wireless network?

11. The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage?  The fundamental problem of wireless: Forced interaction Scarcity of spectrum and energy resources Tech A Tech B Tech C WL 1 WL 3 WL 2 Wireless Today! Space

12. The “Aether-Plug” − A World with Unlimited Wireless Bandwidth and Always-On Coverage?  Combat interference through better utilization of resources Pro-active coexistence Collaboration A Transformative Deployment Model : Spectrum as a Dynamically Tradable Commodity The Connectivity-Brokerage Model

13. Sense spectral environment over wide bandwidth Reliably detect primary users and/or interferers Rules of sharing available resources Flexibility to adjust to changing circumstances Configurable array RF Sensor(s) Optimizer Reconfigurable Baseband Cognitive terminal First Experiment in Cognitive: TV Bands @ 700 MHz (IEEE 802.22) Pro-active Coexistence to Enable Dynamic Spectrum Allocation

14. The Power of COLLABORATION Conventional mindset: Services compete! Adding terminals degrades user capacity Working together leads to better capacity, coverage, efficiency and/or reliability Goal: Linear improvement in capacity with the number of users (Gupta/Kumar, Leveque/Tse) Multi-hop mesh Collaborative MIMO

15. Connective Brokerage: Making Coexistence and Collaboration Work Functional entity that enables collection of terminals to transparently connect to backbone network or each other to perform set of services A Technical as well as Economic Proposition Tech C Tech B Tech A Repository Broker WL 1,2,3 Policies, Models Space Multi-disciplinary project Proposed as NSF Expedition In collaboration with business school, providers and regulators

16. Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True Ever Higher Data Rates Ever Further Miniaturization Reliable Universal Coverage

17. Ever Higher -Data Rates 60 GHz Offers Plenty of Free Spectrum, but … Restricted to Room Size Takes Watts Single-carrier LOS Single-carrier Beamforming Relaying and Distributed MIMO Gigabits/sec for Mobiles? Energy-Efficient 60 GHz Personal Area Networking

18. Prototype 60 GHz LOS Transceiver Simple modulation (2 PAM) High bandwidth Low complexity high-speed analog Low speed digital control/calibration Simple modulation (2 PAM) High bandwidth Low complexity high-speed analog Low speed digital control/calibration 170mW TX mode; 138mW RX

19. Collaborative Wafer-Scale Radio 1000s of radios and antennas on single or a stack of wafers Communication channels configurable in range and capacity Unprecedented opportunities in imaging Challenges On-chip antennas with high efficiency High-speed back-bone communication link Wide-area synchronization for collaborative communications

20. Making Ubiquitous Wireless Come True Ever Higher Data Rates Ever Further Miniaturization Reliable Universal Coverage

21. The Sensory Swarm “Adding senses to the Internet” “Disappearing electronics”  Low-cost  Miniature size  Self-contained from energy perspective UCB PicoCube UCB mm 3 radio True Immersion Still out of reach

22. Example: Microscopic Wireless to Power Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) The Age of Neuroscience BMI – The Instrumentation of Neuroscience Learning about operation of the brain Enabling advanced prosthetics Enabling innovative human-machine interfaces mm 3 nodes remotely powered uWs to 1 mW power budget

23. Rethinking the Meaning of Scaling  Traditional scaling rules have minor impact in “Mobile and Sensory Swarm”… Exponentially increasing number of (ultra-)small components  Driven by heterogeneous integration of innovative technologies Passive MEMS Components Provide Selectivity at ULP [Courtesy: N. Pletcher, UCB] Mechanical Computing [Courtesy: C. Nguyen, UCB] Relay-Based Logic Courtesy: E. Alon, UCB]

24. In Summary …