1. Lesson 8 (Nov. 3) Technical Statements in The Passive Form (Prepositions)

2. Prepositions Many passive statements are followed by prepositional phrases: To: – The temperature is reduced to -120ºC. – A cover is fixed to the top of the pipe. – The derrick is used to lift sections of pipe. – the oil is allowed to flow through a series of valve. From: – Fresh water can be distilled from sea-water. – Paper is made from wood.

3. Prepositions As: – The speed of sound can be taken as 333 m/sec. – Newton’s first law of motion is sometimes known as the law of inertia. For: – The aeroplanes are tested for structural integrity. – Olive oil can be used for making salad. At: – The circuit is tested at 100 MHz.

4. Fill in the prepositions The liquid is cooled ______ 5ºC. A small mirror can be used _________ a reflector. Fresh water can be distilled ________ sea-water. Distance is measured _________ kilometers. The current can be deduced __________ the voltage and resistance. The needle is inserted _________ the hole. x 2 - y 2 can be expressed __________ ( x-y )( x + y ). Algebra is derived __________ an Arabic word.

5. Fill in the prepositions Mathematics can be used _________ many purposes. Mathematics can be applied _________ finance. Modern aeroplanes are equipped ________ jet engines. Very small numbers such as 10 -7 can be regarded _______ zero. The PC is connected _________ a monitor. The expression x = sin  is substituted _______ the equation. The Harry Porter books have been translated ________ many different languages.

6. How to Use the Right Preposition? Which preposition to use depends on the verb AND the context: – applied for : for doing something, some purpose Mathematics can be applied for solving daily problem. – applied to : to some specific topic Mathematics can be applied to finance. http://oald8.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com