2. Class 20: Green IT and IT Ethics August 5 th, 2011

3. Remember this? CriteriaScaleWeigh t Alt. 1 Alt. 2Alt. 3Alt. 4 EcoFriendly 5-Jan1 Total 0000

4. Green Computing Quiz http://www.vpit.ualberta.ca/green/index.php?ref=quiz

5. 4 Why Focus on Electronics? Rapid advances in information technology (IT) have resulted in: Increased sales of electronics worldwide Increased energy consumption A new stream of obsolete and discarded products

6. IT's Carbon Contribution 2%2%2%2% The Bad News: IT Accounts for Approximately... …of Global CO 2 Emissions.

7. IT's Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions PCs and Monitors (39%) (excluding embodied energy) Servers, including cooling (23%) Fixed-Line Telecoms (15%) Mobile Telecoms (9%) LAN & Office Telecoms (7%) Printers (6%)

8. But This Industry Cloud Has a Silver Lining 2% The Good News: There are substantial inefficiencies in the technology and use behaviors that can be readily addressed … The Good News: There are substantial inefficiencies in the technology and use behaviors that can be readily addressed … …and IT can significantly contribute to control and reduce the 98% of CO2 emissions caused by other activities and industries.

9. Green IT: Key Issues 1. What are the IT-related environmental issues and how will that change? 2. How are environmental issues affecting the IT industry and IT organizations? 3.How should IT organizations and the IT industry respond to the environmental challenges and opportunities?

10. Computers and the environment Commercial sector bought more than 129 Million computers worldwide in 2005 Projected to reach nearly 180 Million by 2008 Computer sales expected to grow by double digits every year

11. Use Facts U.S. has more than 180 million computers in use, which consume nearly 58 billion kWh/year, or about 2% of the U.S. annual electricity use PCs and monitors consume between 5 to 13% of all the electricity use in the office Office equipment wastes significant energy by sitting idle in an “active” mode

12. End-of-life Facts Certain types of electronic equipment contain materials such as lead, mercury, and other toxic materials Potentially adverse effects on human health and the environment if improperly managed during disposal

13. 32% 27% 41% An E-Waste Stream Out of Control: It's Toxic and Unsustainable Worldwide PC Disposals More than 550 million mobile phones will be replaced; only 5% to 10% will be reused. (160 million in 2007; 460,000/day) What's in e-waste: Plastics and PVC Lead Cadmium © BAN Mercury Chromium Brominated flame retardants Beryllium Source: Textually.org RecycledLandfilledStored

14. Apr. 01, 200813 Power Consumption & Data Centers Data Center One single room in Datacenter contains 100 Racks 1 Rack = 5 to 20 kW Contributed to the 2000/2001 California Energy Crisis Internet Racks Gateway Client Where are the web pages you browse? Data Center

15. Apr. 01, 200814 Cooling the Data Center Current coolants: CFCs and HCFCs = Ozone Depletion The other alternative coolant: HFC = increase in green house emission 1300 times Moving Datacenters to exotic locations Siberia Underground Japan Flickr.com umw.edu

16. Discussion Questions 1. What behaviors do you see around you in conflict with green computing? 2. What behaviors do you see around you in harmony with green computing? 3. How should green computing be enforced? (If you think it should be enforced?)

17. An Action Plan for Green IT

18. Action #1: Define a Policy and Strategy for First- and Second-Order Effects Conduct a risk assessment of doing nothing Develop a strategy to reduce power consumption and CO2 emissions in the data center, client computing, network, printing and so forth Strategize to identify the second-order effect opportunities within the enterprise

19. Action #2: Start Measuring and Analyzing Start measuring and reporting power consumption and CO 2 emissions Set targets for power consumption and CO 2 emissions Create a power and carbon dashboard

20. Action #3: Greening the Staff 'It's Mostly a Behavioral Challenge!' The employee charter Why this is important for all stakeholders Lays out employee personal responsibilities What behaviors are expected Services the company will provide Regularly communicate the enterprise environmental goals, footprint and progress through multiple channels

21. Action #4: Live Life on the Edge, Dare to Switch Some of It OFF When Not in Use! The Opportunity PCs and monitors account for more 30% of IT power consumption and CO 2 emissions Sixty percent of PCs are left on after hours The Fix (mostly behavioral) Ditch the active screen savers Use a low-power state, such as standby, for PCs and monitors after hours.

22. Action #5: Greening Printers and Printing The Opportunity The Paper itself consumes 10x the energy of the process of printing on it. 178 million printers, copiers and MFDs shipped in 2007. Average office worker prints 1000 pages/month The Fix (mostly behavioral) Print Less - Measure and Analyse document flows Enforce double-sided printing Buy Energy Star devices. Recycle – paper, toner cartridges Dispose of used drums and printers appropriately

23. It Starts With Measuring Reduce Consume fewer servers, printers and so forth by increasing utilization — virtualize Stop over-provisioning; improve capacity planning Turn equipment off, turn power management on Print less Reuse Extend the life of assets by reusing within the enterprise and externally. Use recycled paper Recycle Ensure and validate the correct disposition of ALL electronic equipment Analyze all waste Buy recyclable products

24. Discussion Questions 1. Do you think that green computing is mostly a “behavioral” issue? Why or why not? 2. Name three ways you can contribute to green computing. Would you actually practice these behaviors?

25. Tips for Green Computing

27. What is Ethics? The principles of right and wrong that individuals use to make choices to guide their behaviors.

28. Ethics vs. Legality Something that is unethical is not necessarily illegal.

29. General Ethical Categories Privacy Issues – what kinds of data should and should not be stored about individuals? Accuracy Issues – is the information collected authentic and accurate? Property Issues – who owns the information and how is it valued? Accessibility Issues – who should have access to information? Should they pay for it?

30. Threats to Privacy Data aggregators, digital dossiers, and profiling Electronic Surveillance Personal Information in Databases Information on Internet Bulletin Boards, Newsgroups, and Social Networking Sites

31. Data Aggregators, Digital Dossiers, and Profiling

32. Electronic Surveillance

33. IT Ethics: Privacy http://www.aclu.org/pizza/images/screen.swf

34. Personal Information in Databases Banks Utility companies Government agencies Credit reporting agencies

35. Information on Internet Bulletin Boards, Newsgroups, and Social Networking Sites

36. “Family Emergency”

37. Social Networking Sites Can Cause You Problems Anyone can post derogatory information about you anonymously. Depending upon your privacy settings, most anyone can locate your personal information. Do you leave your full birth date on Facebook?

38. What Can You Do? First, be careful what information you post on social networking sites. Second, a company, ReputationDefender, says it can remove derogatory information from the Web.

39. IT Ethics Scenarios What is the ethical issue at hand? Whose rights/privileges are being infringed upon? What would the “infringers” say about the issue? What do you think is the “right” solution to the ethical issue at hand?