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Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 2: Molecules, Ions, and Compounds MACROSCOPIC SCALE Elements combine to make compounds. ATOMIC SCALE Atoms combine to make molecules, or extended structures.

2 What we’ll cover… Compound Formulas Ions –Monatomic –Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds Other types of extended Structures

3 Compound Formulas Examples: NaCl CH 3 OH (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4

4 How many O atoms are in Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ? 1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8

5 How many total atoms are in Mg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ? 1.3 2.10 3.11 4.13

6 Three Types of Compounds Molecular Covalent Extended Covalent Ionic Alloys

7 Can you predict this? Ionic Compounds form from: Molecular Compounds form from:

8 Types of Formulas

9 IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

10 IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals. Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals.

11 Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

12 Books closed: What is the charge on a Mg ion? 1.+1 2.+2 3.+3 4.-1 5.-2 6.-3

13 Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na + = sodium ion Mg 2+ = magnesium ion

14 Types of Formulas

15 IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals.

16 IONS Cations Formed by losing electrons. Have a positive charge. Formed mainly from metals. Anions Formed by gaining electrons. Have a negative charge. Formed mainly from nonmetals.

17 Monatomic Ions- Formed from single atoms

18 Books closed: What is the charge on a Mg ion? 1.+1 2.+2 3.+3 4.-1 5.-2 6.-3

19 Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na + = sodium ion Mg 2+ = magnesium ion

20 Naming IONS Cations Name of element + “ion” Na + = sodium ion Mg 2+ = magnesium ion Anions Name of element with –ide ending + “ion” Cl - = chloride ion O 2- = oxide ion

21 Polyatomic Ions you need to know

22 Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na + and Cl - make ________

23 Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na + and Cl - make NaCl Mg 2+ and Cl - make ________

24 Ionic Compound Formulas Total cation charge = Total anion charge Ex: Na + and Cl - make NaCl Mg 2+ and Cl - make MgCl 2 NH 4 + and SO 4 2- make _________

25 What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe 3+ and Cl - ? 1.FeCl 2.FeCl 3 3.Fe 3 Cl

26 What is the formula of the compound formed between Fe 3+ and SO 4 2- ? 1.FeSO4 2.Fe(SO 4 ) 2 3.Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 4.Fe 3 (SO 4 ) 2

27 Naming Ionic Compounds Name = cation name + anion name Ex: NaCl = NH 4 Br =

28 Molecular Compounds Nonmetal + nonmetal gives molecular compound Ex: C + O S + O C + H

29 Aside on gas prices… Crude oil Propane Butane Jet Fuel Gasoline Diesel/Heating Longer molecules(asphalt/tar)

30 Predicting Molecular Compound Formulas

31 Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form between 2 elements

32 Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion.

33 Naming Molecular Compounds Binary Compounds form with 2 elements Element with highest group # named last, like it’s an anion. Use prefixes to indicate numbers: 2 = di 3 = tri 4 = tetra 5 = penta

34 Network Solids Held together like a molecule Large and extended

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