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Stress and Coping
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Overview F Causes of Stress F Effects of Stress F Stress Mediators F Stress and Mental Illness
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What Causes Stress? F Frustration: inability to reach goals F Conflict: choosing among options
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Types of Conflict F approach-approach F avoidance-avoidance F approach-avoidance
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Stressors F catastrophic events F life changes F chronic stressors F daily hassles
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Effects of Stress F General Adaptation Syndrome –Alarm –Resistance –Exhaustion
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Alarm Stage F initial reaction F fight or flight response F activation of sympathetic nervous system F high energy use
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Resistance Stage F reaction to continued stress F use of energy reserves
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Exhaustion Stage F reaction to long-term stress F depletion of energy reserves F suppression of immune system F damage to organs
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Stress Mediators F Cognitive Appraisal – threat – challenge F Predictability F Control
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Stress Mediators F Coping Methods –Problem focused –Emotion focused F Social Support F Personality –Optimism vs. pessimism
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Stress and Mental Illness F Diathesis-Stress Model –Genetic predisposition for disorder –Stressors cause disorder in individuals who have the predisposition, but not in those without the predisposition
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