1. Computer Science 401 Technology and Criminal Justice March 22/24, 2011 Division of Governmental Studies and Services Michael J. Gaffney, J.D., Acting Director

2. Division of Governmental Studies and Services Applied Social Science Research Consulting and Technical Assistance Training Four Primary Areas of Focus:  Public Safety Washington State Institute for Criminal Justice  Good Governance  Digital Initiatives  Sustainability and Stewardship Natural Resources Leadership Academy DGSS - Gaffney - 20112

3. Mike Gaffney 15 years w/unit JD and “ABD” Extensive LE Training and Research WSU “Cybercrime and Digital Forensics” Emergency Management interests DGSS - Gaffney - 20113

4. Question Are you: A.A Criminal Justice Major B.A Criminal Justice Minor C.A Political Science Major D.Current or Former Law Enforcement DGSS - Gaffney - 20114

5. Technology Applications in Criminal Justice Crime Identification & Detection Crime Reporting & Notification Crime Response & Investigation Criminal Prosecution & Defense Criminal Justice Reporting & Accountability DGSS - Gaffney - 20115

6. Crime Identification & Detection Traffic  “Photo-red” Cameras  License plate scanners Surveillance Cameras Gunshot Locators GPS Tracking Aircraft and Satellites “Wire” taps Web Volume Tracking National Security Monitoring DGSS - Gaffney - 20116

7. Question Which of the following limits surveillance? A.Declaration of Independence B.First Amendment to the Constitution C.Fourth Amendment to the Constitution D.Seventh Amendment to the Constitution DGSS - Gaffney - 20117

8. Crime Notification & Reporting Whistles Call Boxes Radio Alarms (E-)911 Reverse 911 On-Line Reporting Social Media DGSS - Gaffney - 20118

9. Crime Response & Investigation CAD In-car Computers Wireless Connectivity Finger Prints Voice Analysis Wire Taps Surveillance DNA DGSS - Gaffney - 20119

10. Investigation, Continued Amber Alerts AFIS CODIS HITS LInX CopLink DGSS - Gaffney - 201110

11. Prosecution/Defense Forensics (the CSI factor) DNA Audio/Visual Recordings DGSS - Gaffney - 201111

12. Reporting, Planning & Accountability UCRs NIBRS GIS (Crime Mapping) Crime Analysis Performance Metrics (ComSTAT) DGSS - Gaffney - 201112

13. Question How likely do you think it is that technology will be misused within the Criminal Justice System? A.Not Likely at All B.Somewhat Unlikely C.Somewhat Likely D.Very Likely DGSS - Gaffney - 201113

14. Criminal Law “Crime” can be defined as a violation of a societal standard of conduct which is injurious to the public welfare. “Criminal Law” is that body of legal standards (Common Law, constitutional, statutory, case) which govern the investigation, prosecution, and punishment of criminal acts. DGSS - Gaffney - 201114

15. The US System of Criminal Law Favors protection of the innocent Prefers Due Process Balances Power of Government Based on English Common Law Shares founding philosophies DGSS - Gaffney - 201115

16. Limitations on Technology Bill of Rights Fourteenth Amendment Statutory Standards Case Law States may vary DGSS - Gaffney - 201116

17. Question In which Amendment is the protection against involuntary self-incrimination found? A.First B.Fourth C.Fifth D.Tenth E.Fourteenth DGSS - Gaffney - 201117

18. Fourth Amendment Protections “Unreasonable search and seizure” Basically, must have a warrant Limited exceptions  Open Fields and Plain View  Exigent Circumstances  National Security  Consent Exclusionary Rule applies DGSS - Gaffney - 201118

19. Technology & Plain View Airplanes & Satellites Infrared Spectroscopy “Shared” Conversations GPS Locators RFID Tags Cameras DGSS - Gaffney - 201119

20. Ethics and Technology Intersection of Law, Justice and Philosophy with scientific advances Requires reassessment of (Old) existing rules Not uniformly applied (Yet) DGSS - Gaffney - 201120

21. Question Do you think advances in technology are adequately covered by the existing rules on searches and evidence? A.Yes B.No DGSS - Gaffney - 201121

22. Conclusion Opportunities abound in this arena Critical thinking about impacts is necessary Legal standards are still developing Growth area for the technologically trained who are so inclined Questions? DGSS - Gaffney - 201122

23. DGSS - Gaffney - 2011 Contact Information Mike Gaffney 911@wsu.edu Division of Governmental Studies and Services Washington State University PO Box 644870 Pullman, WA 99164-4870 509 335-3329 23