1. Biological Acquisition Unit Team Members: Fred Avery Ny ‘Jaa Bobo Gene Council Salvatore Giorgi Advisors: Dr. Helferty Dr. Pillapakkam

2. Outline of Presentation Mission Overview o Objective o Theory o Background / Previous Research o Biological Analysis o Success Criteria Design o Design Process o Electrical System o Physical Model o Software Flow Chart o Power System o Components o Filter System o Optical System o Design Compliance o Testing o Biological Analysis o Shared Can Logistics Management o Schedule o Team Members o Advisors o Part List / Budget Outline o Conclusion

3. Mission Overview

4. Objective Measure the earth’s magnetic field as a function of altitude. Measure flight dynamics of the rocket. Take biological samples in stratosphere and lower mesosphere. Mini-spectrometer will measure the absorption spectrum of the atmosphere as a function of altitude

5. Theory An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an electrical device consisting of accelerometers and gyroscopes that are used to measure the rocket’s flight dynamics (roll, pitch, and yaw). The magnetometer will measure the strength and direction of the earth’s magnetic field. The filtration system will collect organic and inorganic material suspended in the atmosphere. Spectrometer measures properties of light over a specific electromagnetic spectrum, specifically UV, VIS, and NIR.

6. Background Biological aerosol defined as airborne solid particles (dead or alive) that are or were derived from living organisms, including microorganisms and fragments of living things. o Include: bacteria, fungi, viruses, unicellular organisms In 2006, the European Science Foundation funded an exploratory workshop on “Microbiological Meteorology” at the French National Agronomic Research Institute (INRA) in Avignon. o Potential roles of micro-organisms Act as cloud condensation nuclei and to participate in radiative forcing. Many airborne micro-organisms likely metabolize chemical components of aerosols thereby modifying atmospheric chemistry.

7. Previous Research In 2008, a study identified bacterial species Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus endophyticus, and the fungal genus Penicillium. In 2005, a study showed about 25% of the particles suspended in air in the size range of 0.2 to 5 μm are primary biological aerosol particles.

8. Success Criteria Acquire Stratospheric specimen o Collect a statistically significant sample to compare to previous studies. Amount of samples Type of microbes Spectrometer o Accurately measure and record atmospheric spectra o Determine environment bio samples survive in IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) o Accurately and reliably record data such as: Velocity Flight Dynamics Gravitational Force Magnetometer o Study magnetic field in upper atmosphere. o Compare experimental magnetic field to actual values.

9. System Overview

10. Design Process

11. Electrical System Block Diagram

12. Physical Model

13. Software Flow Chart Initialize System Start timer for opening / closing valve Check connections Sample Sensors (I 2 C, SPI, and analog pins) Write sensor data First Timer Finished Second Timer Finished Sample Sensors (I 2 C, SPI, and analog pins) Open Valve Close Valve

14. Power Basic System Requirements Microprocessor – 90 mA @ 3.3 V Magnetometer – 0.9 mA @ 3.3 V Gyroscope – 3.5 mA @ 5 V XY-axis accelerometer – 15 mA @ 6 V Z axis accelerometer – 2.5 mA @ 6 V Spectrometer – 0.6 A @ 5 V Sources Voltage regulators will be used to maintain the proper amount of power for each sensor Series of 9 V batteries will power system

15. Components Magnetometer Power: 2.5 to 3.3 V Field Range: +/- 4 Gauss Current: 0.9 mA Bandwidth: 10 kHz Weight: 50 mg I 2 C interface Gyroscope Power: 5 V Range: +/- 20,000 °/sec Current: 3.5 mA Bandwidth: 2 kHz Weight: 0.5 g

16. Components XY-axis Accelerometer Power: 3.0 to 3.6 V Range: +/- 37 g Current: 15 mA Bandwidth: 400 kHz Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Z-axis Accelerometer Power: 3.3 to 5 V Range: +/- 70 g Current: 2.5 mA Bandwidth: 22 kHz

17. Flash Memory: 512K RAM Memory: 128K Operating Voltage: 3.3V Operating Frequency: 80 MHz Typical Operating Current: 90 mA I/O Pins: 83 Analog Inputs: 16 Analog Input Voltage Range: 0V to 3.3V DC Current Per Pin: +/- 18 mA USB 2.0 Full Speed OTG controller I 2 C and SPI interfaces Components Microprocessor

18. Filter System Design Connects to two ports: Static and Dynamic o Dynamic port draws in samples o Air flow exits through the static port Contains four filters in series o Filters are decreasing in size from 5 to 0.2 μm Filter system terminates with NPT connector at each end Testing All parts must be autoclave-able Two filter systems will be constructed o One will be included one rocket o Other kept on ground o Results compared Mass Flow Rate The mass flow rate is expected to be about 5.3×10 -6 kg/s Particle sizes ranging from 0.2 to 5 µm Exposure Time System will open at 30 km and close at 30 km Based on previous data we estimate the filter system will be open for 5 min

19. Filter System Rough sketch of mechanical valve system Proposed placement of filter system on plate

20. Optical System Spectrometer Trade Study NameRangeInterfaceSizePowerWeightCompanyPrice BLUE- Wave 200 - 1150 nm USB-21x3x5 inch 100 mA via USB port 0.87 lb StellarNet Inc $2500 BLACK- Comet 190 – 900 nm USB-2 2.7x4x6 inch 100 mA @ 5 VDC ~1.0 lb StellarNet Inc $2750 Red Tider 200 – 850 nm USB-2 1.3x2.5x1.4 inch 90 mA @ 5 VDC 0.41 lb Ocean Optics $1154

21. Design Compliance Predicted final mass is 10+0.2 lbs o Total weight of sensors is less than 3 lbs o Projected filtration system weight is less than 2 lbs o More weight needed Payload Activation o G-switch Center of Mass o Preliminary Solid Works projection shows this constraint can be met

22. Testing Mechanical Air Foil Test to see if filtration system can withstand drag force Low pressure Contacted Physics Department at Temple and Drexel Test to see if filtration system functions at low pressures Spectrometer Ability to measure spectrum while in motion Biological Autoclave Test to see if filtration system can be properly sterilized Test to see if filtration tube can be completely sealed Electrical Sensors Test accuracy Functioning Properly Data Test processor is properly handling incoming data SD Card / Reader properly storing

23. Biological Analysis DAPI o DAPI (6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a stain used in fluorescence microscopy. DAPI passes through cell membranes therefore it can be used to stain both live and fixed cells. BRDU o Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine, BrdU) is a synthetic nucleoside that is used for detecting actively dividing cells. Genetic Sequencing o Determines the number of nucleotides in sample’s DNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine Scanning Electron Microscope o Scans the sample and re-generates image to be analyzed, i.e. structural analysis of microbes

24. Shared Can Logistics Sharing canister with Drexel University Communication has been opened up between the teams o Both teams expect to use half the canister space and weight Drexel’s proposed experiments will not effect ours Close proximity will allow us to integrate entire canister prior to flight Resources from both Universities will be used for testing

25. Management

26. Schedule NovemberDecember Goals: Finalize SoftwareConstruct canister plates Construct Filtration System Construct Payload Sterilization Tests Air Flow Tests Sensor Tests Spectrometer Test Important Dates: November 30: Critical Design review dueDecember 1: CDR Teleconference

27. Team Members Fred Avery (ME) Filtration System Center of gravity testing Mass Flow Rates Ny ‘Jaa Bobo (EE) Hardware Magnetometer IMU Power Gene Council (EE) Hardware Magnetometer IMU Chip programming Salvatore Giorgi (ECE) Team Leader Spectrometer Microprocessor Data Acquisition Filtration System

28. Advisors Electrical Dr. John Helferty Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Mechanical Dr. Shriram Pillapakkam Department of Mechanical Engineering Biological Dr. Erik Cordes Department of Biology

29. Parts List / Budget PartsManufactureCostQuantity Payload Canister-$7,0001 MicroprocessorMicrochip$49.501 MagnetometerHoneywell$19.951 G-SwitchDigikey$12.951 SD card 2 GBSanDisk$27.991 SD readerMicrochip$37.991 Filter PaperMillipore Supplied by Bio Department 4 types Filter canister Millipore $388.00 1 pack = 8 canisters GyroscopeAnalog Devices$90.001

30. Parts List / Budget PartsManufactureCostQuantity XY-axis accelerometerAnalog Devices$99.001 Z-axis accelerometerAnalog Devices$75.901 Spectrometer$25001 Fiber Optics Cable$100 - $2001

31. Conclusion Concerns o Opening and closing filtration system o Properly sterilizing and maintaining sterilization of the filtration system o Properly analyzing spectrum during flight o Possible addition of second microprocessor Recently Finished o Ordered microprocessor, accelerometers, gyroscope, magnetometer, and filter canister o Wrote libraries for SPI and I 2 C interfaces Future Plans o Finalize Spectrometer / Optical port design o Purchase Spectrometer o Machine plates o Continue programming processor o Build and test filtration system