1. By Jonathan Pierson

2.  The ESPART analyzer uses the principle of Stokes’ Law and Laser Doppler Effect in determining the particle size and charge.  As a particle travels through air it experiences a drag force which is proportional to the diameter of the particle, given by Stokes’ Law. Charge also effects its diameter given.

3.  The MiniLDV emits two laser beams that when a particle travels through the intersection of the beams, they are read by the receiving lens and a sinusoidal wave is formed.  The larger the charge of the particle the larger its signature is.