1. Environmental Assessment and Management Master Programs in Japan Nishikizawa, Shigeo and Harashina, Sachihiko Tokyo Institute of Technology Two EAM final seminar Graz, Sep. 23, 2010

2. Outline of Presentation EAM master programs in Japan Overview The EAM master program at Tokyo Tech 1 Current situation of Japanese EA Opinions of students

3. 2 Current situation of Japanese EA E nvironmental A ssessment in JAPAN in JAPAN

4. ODA and Domestic EA performance in Japan ・ EA is applied to only huge projects ・ SEA provision is not established under the EA act 3 Domestic: EA system is not so advanced ODA: EA regulation is advanced ・ New JICA (since 2008): GL amendment, 2010 ・ Advanced system for environmental and social consideration Application of SEA, More advanced transparency Advisory Committee for Reviewing

5. EA applications in Japan 4 In foreign countries USA NEPA 30,000 ～ 50,000 * including under SEPA: 60,000 ～ 80,000 China 30,000 Taiwan 3,000 UK 1,000 (per year) year EA applications in Japan Japan under EIA act 20 under Local ordi. 50

6. 5 EA is only applied for huge projects “Concise EA” is not established Why are there few numbers of EA in Japan?

7. － Overview － 6 EAM Master programs in Japan

8. Env. Management Master programs in Japanese Universities Various type of the Environmental Management master programs are provided: Interdisciplinary concept: natural and social sciences None of “Assessment program” is provided c.f. The University of Tokyo: Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences Osaka University: Department of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering 7

9. EA courses in Japanese Universities 94 courses are provided in 87 universities 11% of all Japanese universities (773) Only 8 universities have them in Master programs Based on the survey of JEAS, 2009 The 8 Master programs 2 programs are partially related to EAM Hitotsubashi University ( Based on Sociology ) Meiji University ( Based on Law ) 6 programs are related to EAM The Open University of Japan, 1994-2009 provided 3 courses consecutively 8

10. Interdisciplinary: Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) Dep. of Environmental Science and Technology, 1998 Kyoto University Dep. of Global Environmental Studies, 2002 Civil Engineering: Iwate University Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering Meisei University Dep. of Environmental System Social Science and Humanities: Tokyo Metropolitan University ( Based on Geography ) Tokyo City University ( Based on Information Studies ) Three types of 6 EAM master programs 9

11. 10 － The EAM master program at Tokyo Tech － EAM Master programs in Japan

12. Master programs in Japanese Universities Required period of master program Standard period is 2 years 1 year master program is limitedly provided for the Integrated Doctoral Education Program Emphasis of the education On master’s thesis rather than coursework c.f. 30 credits ----- 22 credits : coursework 8 credits : seminar (thesis) Jobs after graduation are diverse and some are not so close to the concept of the department 11

13. Environmental Planning & Policy Material & Energy Curriculum at the Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Tokyo Tech ✓ Advanced Urban Environment Water Environment ✓ Advanced Environmental Hydraulics ✓ Material Cycle Analysis ✓ Environmental Turbulence Urban Environment ✓ Participatory Planning ✓ Consensus Building in Environmental Planning ✓ Open Channel Hydraulics ✓ Urban & Built Environmental Engineering ✓ Watershed Hydrology ✓ Radiation and the Environment ✓ Structural Materials ✓ Process Safety Management ✓ Advanced Environmental Policy Study ＊ Environmental Impact Assessment ＊ Foundation of Environmental Science and Technology ＊ Compulsory Subjects 12

14. 13 Environmental Planning and Policy Unit ― Highlight: 4 courses ― ✓ Consensus Building in Environmental Planning, Prof. Harashina ✓ Advanced Environmental Policy Study Government Officers at Ministry of Environment ✓ Participatory Planning, Assoc. Prof. Nishikizawa Environmental Impact Assessment (compulsory subject) Prof. Harashina, Nishikizawa and others Keywords: consensus building, dispute resolution, mediation Keywords: planning administration, environmental regulation, global environmental issues etc Keywords: public participation methodology, conference design, facilitation

15. Outline of EA course in master program at Tokyo Tech Class. 1: Sustainable Development Class. 2: What is EA? Class. 3: Screening Class. 4: Scoping Class. 5:Public participation & communication Class. 6-10:Impact prediction: air, water, landscape, animal, waste Class.11:Evaluation Class.12: Legal framework & case study: Japan Class.13:SEA Class.14:Capacity Development for EA Class.15: SIA for International Cooperation 14 ～ 2010 spring semester ～

16. 15 Opinions of students A Questionnaire Survey to students who took the EA course in the master program at Tokyo Tech., spring semester, 2010

17. 16 Q1: Effects of learning the EA course

18. 17 ①Technical aspects in EA ④Variety of evaluation items in EA ②EA laws & procedures ③Case studies Q2 What should be taught in EA course? 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% (N=51, 2010 survey) should be somewhat increase should be increase relevant should be decrease should be somewhat decrease

19. 18 Q 3 Should it be taught compulsorily? Examples of opinions: Yes or somewhat Yes Fundamental knowledge as an environmental engineer/problem EA is related with multiple fields …etc Examples of opinions: no or somewhat No It is not directly related to research of an engineering work. Compulsion lowers motivation …etc

20. 19 Q 4 Questions related to job search ③want to take an internship at EA-related companies 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% ②usefulness of the EA course after obtaining a job ①want to get the EA-related job after the end of a master course Somewhat YesYesDon’t knowNoSomewhat No

21. 20 Have you learned about EA at undergraduate? Don’t know 4%(2) Q 5 Experience of learning EA during the undergraduate program Yes 33% (17) No 63% (32) Lecture 14 Thesis, Self-learning, etc Others 7 How did you learn?

22. 21 References Harashina, Sachihiko: Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education in Japan: An overview, TwoEA-M project seminar in Seoul, 2009 Nishikizawa, Shigeo: Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education in Japan: What are the main sources/ references for teaching?, TwoEA-M project seminar in Seoul, 2009 ー> See: Two-EAM HP -> Events -> conference in Seoul http://www.twoeam-eu.net/ Japan Environment Assessment Society(JEAS), JEAS news autumn, no.124, 2009 (in Japanese) The Open University of Japan http://www.u-air.ac.jp/eng/figures.html