1. Bell Work 09/21/09 What do you think the word Puritan means?
Who is King Henry VIII? You can even get a book and look him up.
Today:
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Northern Notes

2. Northern Colonies (New England)

3. objective You will be able to describe the settlement of New England
Be sure to include:
religious reasons
relations with Native Americans (e.g. King Philip’s War),
establishment of town meetings and development of a legislature
religious tensions that led to colonies such as Rhode Island
the half-way covenant
Salem Witch Trials.

4. Describe the Settlement of New England
Anglican Church-
England’s official church.
Puritans-
Opposed the rule of the Catholic Stuart Kings.
Wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of its Catholic rituals.
Wanted simpler services
Objected to the wealth and power of priests
The Protestant Reformation led to the Church of England. The church still had some elements of the Catholic religion.
Queen Elizabeth I tried to implement some more protestant ideas but this did not satisfy everyone.
The Church of England was the official church – people had to attend services and pay taxes to support the church if you didn’t they would fine you or put you in prision.

5. Describe the Settlement of New England
Separatists (Pilgrims)-
more strict Puritans that wanted to remove all traces of Catholicism from their religious practice
Wanted total separation from Anglican Church.
Left for North America and established the Colony of Plymouth in 1620
South of Boston, MA.
William Bradford- leader of the Puritans on the Mayflower
Governor of Plymouth colony in 1621
Died in 1657
1st Puritans moved to the Netherlands. They were very tolerant about religion. But earning a living was hard and their children were becoming more Dutch than English.
35 Puritans (saints) and 66 “strangers” loaded the mayflower and shipped out to the Americas
Very harsh first winter- half died of hunger, cold or illness
Wampanoag Indians helped those who did survive
Following year- corn harvest was successful
held feast with Indian friends\
Plymouth Colony never became very large
self governed until 1691 when it became part of the Mass Bay Colony

6. Describe the Settlement of New England
A group of merchants formed a joint-stock company to support Puritans moving to the new world. Each colonist had a share in the company.
Mayflower Compact (1620)-
First effort of self-government in New England.
41 men signed (both “Saints” and “Strangers”)
Plymouth Colony-
Established by the Pilgrims in 1619
Present day Massachusetts
becomes Massachusetts Bay Colony.
what is a compact?
A group of merchants formed a joint-stock company to support Puritans moving to the new world. Each colonist had a share in the company.

7. Plymouth Colony
Very harsh first winter- half died of hunger, cold or illness
Wampanoag Indians helped those who did survive
Following year- corn harvest was successful
held feast with Indian friends Thanksgiving
1st Puritans moved to the Netherlands. They were very tolerant about religion. But earning a living was hard and their children were becoming more Dutch than English.
35 Puritans (saints) and 66 “strangers” loaded the mayflower and shipped out to the Americas
held feast with Indian friends\
Plymouth Colony never became very large
self governed until 1691 when it became part of the Mass Bay Colony
1st Puritans moved to the Netherlands. They were very tolerant about religion. But earning a living was hard and their children were becoming more Dutch than English.
35 Puritans (saints) and 66 “strangers” loaded the mayflower and shipped out to the Americas
Very harsh first winter- half died of hunger, cold or illness
Wampanoag Indians helped those who did survive
Following year- corn harvest was successful
held feast with Indian friends\
Plymouth Colony never became very large
self governed until 1691 when it became part of the Mass Bay Colony

8. Describe the Settlement of New England
Winthrop took 11 ships and about 700 people and moved to New England
Boston, Ma port area
Jonathan Winthrop-
Puritan minister
establish the colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1630.
a “city upon a hill” to be a model society
strict Puritan beliefs.
Massachusetts Bay Colony-
Established in 1630 as a model Puritan society.
The large immigration of settlers to the colony
“Great Migration” ( ).
20,000 Englishmen and women crossed the Ocean to settle in New England
Winthrop took 11 ships and about 700 people and moved to New England
Boston, Ma port area
Mass Bay colony grow faster than Plymouth Colony- overtook Plymouth
Mass Bay colony created the Massachusetts General Court
ability to elect officers and make laws
only male members could vote or hold office
Court selected a council, headed by Winthrop, which held all legislative, judicial and executive powers
Great Migration- 20,000 Englishmen and women crossed the Ocean to settle in New England

9. Religion in New England
Puritanism-
Puritans followed the beliefs of John Calvin
lead moral lives through thrift, diligence, hard work, and strict codes.
In Massachusetts, towns spread rapidly and were led by local leaders of the Puritan Church.

10. Religion in New England
Church Leaders-
Puritan leaders were not tolerant of outsiders and dissenting opinions of members.
Those who dissented were usually banished form the colony.
Believed to be “True and Pure Religion”
Believed to be “True and Pure Religion”

11. Half-Way Covenant Church Membership-
Began to decline and was challenged by new generations of Puritan offspring.
More women than men
Half-Way Covenant-
Established partial membership into the Church for children and grandchildren of full members in an effort to keep members and attract new ones.

12. Religious Tensions Roger Williams-
Dissenter who disagreed with strict Puritan Massachusetts.
He thought you should be tolerant of other religions (*even welcomed Jews)
Believed in separation of church and state
Purchase RI from Indians
Formed Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson-
Major dissenter
Believed all you needed was grace from God to be saved not the minister’s teaching
Impreisioned, tried and banished from Massachusetts
helped found Rhode Island.
Williams- clashed with authorities in Boston
Radical Separatist minister- believed in Religious tolerance
church and gov’t should be separate
Should buy land from Indians, not take it from them
All religions were welcomed in Rhode Island, even Jews
Hutchinson –created a bigger uproar than Williams
Was imprisoned, tried and banished from Mass Bay Colony
Believed all you needed was grace from God to be saved not the minister’s teaching
Her brother-in-law settled New Hampshire in 1639
In 1679 became a Royal Colony (direct control of the king)

13. New England Government Church and Gov. very closely related
Town Hall Meeting were the most relevant to daily lives.
Town usually built around a central grass area, called the common
Meeting house and school house faced the common
Cattle grazed in the common
Town Hall Meetings-
Chose delegates, set taxes, dealt with local issues
Voting limited to church members and property owners
Closest thing to a democracy in Colonies
Massachusetts Legislature-
Established by the local towns in an effort provide provincial leadership.
In 1684, Massachusetts lost its charter and a new legislature was established.
Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691.
Town Hall Meeting were the most relevant to daily lives.
Town usually built around a central grass area, called the common
Meeting house and school house faced the common
Cattle grazed in the common

14. New England Colonies
The Colonies of New England- Four colonies made up the smallest of the three regions, but became one of the most populous region.

15. Relations with Native Americans
Period of Peace-
Early relationships between the first settlers of Massachusetts and Plymouth were strengthened by peace and cooperation.
Pequot War-
War fought between the Pequot and Puritans over territorial expansion (1636—1638).
Wamp- pa- no –ag
Pequot War- about 90 colonist attacked a Pequot Indian fort
set it on fire, killed those who fled
nearly wiped out Pequot people
King Philip’s War- costly for both sides
perhaps 600 settlers died in fighting
nearly all Wampanoag and Narragansett Indians were killed and village destroyed
survivors fled or sold as slaves
about 90 colonist attacked a Pequot Indian fort set it on fire, killed those who fled
nearly wiped out Pequot people

16. survivors fled or sold as slaves
King Philip’s War-
The Wampanoag Indians, led by Metacom (King Philip) in 1675.
-resistance to English settlers
-colonist attacked and burned villages and crops
Some natives helped the Europeans and some stayed neutral
1662, in an arrogant attempt to exert control, colonial forces took Wampanoag leader Wamsutta at gunpoint to Plymouth.  The Wampanoag were greatly angered when Wamsutta sickened and died shortly afterwards.  Wamsutta's brother Metacom (King Philip) became leader and ultimately led his people into war to preserve their traditional way of life.
costly for both sides
perhaps 600 settlers died in fighting
nearly all Wampanoag and Narragansett Indians were killed and village destroyed
survivors fled or sold as slaves

17. Salem Witchcraft Trials
In 1692, several young girls claimed to be possessed by the devil.
To protect the Puritan faith, trials were held to set an example and to find guilt for the accused.
Condemned to Death-
Eventually, 20 of the accused were condemned to death.

18. Hysteria Strikes
Nineteen men and women were hanged, all having been convicted of witchcraft
Another man of over eighty years was pressed to death under heavy stones for refusing to submit to a trial on witchcraft charges
Many languished in jail for months without trials
At least four died in prison

19. How it started . . .
Betty Parris became strangely ill. She dashed about, dove under furniture, contorted in pain, and complained of fever. The cause of her symptoms may have been some combination of stress, asthma, guilt, boredom, child abuse, epilepsy, and delusional psychosis.
Talk of witchcraft increased when other playmates of Betty, including eleven-year-old Ann Putnam, seventeen-year-old Mercy Lewis, and Mary Walcott, began to exhibit similar unusual behavior.
A doctor called to examine the girls, suggested that the girls' problems might have a supernatural origin. The widespread belief that witches targeted children made the doctor's diagnosis seem increasingly likely. -Douglas Linder

20. Salem Witch Trials

21. The Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials began in what is now known as Danvers Massachusetts.
In the 17th century Danvers was known as Salem Massachusetts.
The Salem Witch Trials lasted from June of 1692 to September of 1692.
By the end of the trials 150 people had spent time in jail and 24 innocent people were killed.

22. The Salem Witch Trials
The trials began with 11 year old Abigail Williams and 9 year old Elizabeth Parris.
These girls acted in a manner that was strange to the Puritans of the time.

23. The Salem Witch Trials
Abigail Williams was Elizabeth’s cousin. Elizabeth Parris was the daughter of the town minister.
Abigail and Elizabeth were not allowed to have toys or play like most children of the time would, this was seen as idleness and sinful.
Instead the girls were encouraged to concentrate on chores and studying bible verses.

24. The Salem Witch Trials
At night Abigail and Elizabeth would spend their nights by the fire with Reverend Parris’s slave Tituba (from Barbados).
Tituba entertained the girls with magic, fortune telling and story telling from her homeland.
This was forbidden by Puritan law.

25. The Salem Witch Trials
Abigail and Elizabeth began acting strangely: speaking in tongues and having wild convulsions.
The village doctor was called in, he was sure the girls were victims of witch craft.
One Sunday in January as the Reverend began his sermon the girls in town fell into a fit.

26. The Salem Witch Trials
The town concerned for the girls asked who had cast a spell on them.
Tituba, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne were named.
Tituba, a slave. Sarah Good, a homeless woman. Sarah Osborne a woman who had married her servant.

27. The Salem Witch Trials
When placed on trial both Sarah’s maintained their innocence, Tituba however claimed there were other witches in Salem.
This admission started the wave of hysteria that engulfed Salem.
Behind this paranoia were Elizabeth and Abigail. The hysteria was being controlled by two young girls.

28. The Salem Witch Trials
Many of those accused were prominent members of the Salem community.
Many of these characters are seen in the play The Crucible.

29. Traits of a witch… Singing Reading Not conforming to Puritan law
Not getting along with your neighbor
Spending time alone
Writing

30. The Accusation Process
The afflicted person makes a complaint to the Magistrate about a suspected witch.  The complaint is sometimes made through a third person.

31. The Accusation Process
The Magistrate issues a warrant for the arrest of the accused person.

32. The Accusation Process
The accused person is taken into custody and examined by two or more Magistrates.  If, after listening to testimony, the Magistrate believes that the accused person is probably guilty, the accused is sent to jail for possible reexamination and to await trial.

33. The Accusation Process
The case is presented to the Grand Jury.  Depositions relating to the guilt or innocence of the accused are entered into evidence.

34. The Accusation Process
If the accused is indicted by the Grand Jury, he or she is tried before the Court of Oyer and Terminer.  A jury, instructed by the Court, decides the defendant's guilt.

35. The Accusation Process
The convicted defendant receives his or her sentence from the Court.  In each case at Salem, the convicted defendant was sentenced to be hanged on a specified date.

36. The Accusation Process
The Sheriff and his deputies carry out the sentence of death on the specified date.

37. The Trials
By the end of 1692, over 200 people were jailed and standing accused of witchcraft.