1. LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL VARIATION P.205 - 208

2. SOCIOLINGUISTICS  The study of the relationship between language and society by using research from anthropology, culture, sociology, and the role of language in social groups.

3. SOCIAL DIALECTS  Language of a certain group of people from a certain social class.  MIDDLE CLASS: (upper & lower)  People with more years of education performing non-manual work.  WORKING CLASS: (upper & lower)  Few years of education, performing manual work.  In studying social dialects features of language pronunciation, words, and structures are studied.

4. SOCIAL MARKERS  Use of certain speech sound that functions as a social marker (defining the social group the speaker belongs to) 1. Postvocalic /r/ 2. Pronunciation of –ing [n] or [ng] 3. [h] dropping. p.207-208