1. STUFF MOVING: FORCES and Forces of Nature Chapters 9 + 17

2. Be Prepared to be BLOWN AWAY By how much you already know about physical science! (a little hurricane humor)

3. If a hockey puck sits on the ice…. Will it start moving? If it starts moving, will it stop moving? Would it be harder to stop a normal puck or a 100X bigger puck? What would happen to your stick if you hit the bigger puck?

4. Why do things move + stop?

5. Why (else) do things move?

6. When things move: Tend to go from ___________ to __________ – Unless acted on by a force Ex’s

7. That’s your overview of 8 th grade science The rest is specifics Can you apply those ideas to things you remember from 7 th grade? – Cell membranes – Photosynthesis – Cellular respiration – Protein synthesis – Humans

8. Ch 9: Heat and States of Matter Things we need to know (some is review) Kinetic Theory: matter (stuff the Earth is made of) is comprised of particles (atoms, molecules, and ions) that are always in random motion – Random: – Moving, so have ____________ – Collisions:

9. Temperature/Thermal Energy/Heat What’s the difference? – Temperature – Thermal energy – Heat – Specific heat

10. States of Matter Attractive forces Molecules move (KE) Fixed arrangements Definite shape Definite volume Density

11. Changing States of Matter Thermal expansion

12. Energy Flow Energy (heat) flows from____ to _____ Convection Conduction Radiation

13. REVIEW: Polarity of water Atoms want to have ____ electrons H has _ electron, will tend to give it away to have a ____ charge O has ___ electrons will tend to take to have a ___ charge

14. Some effects of the polarity of water Cohesive (sticks to other water molecules) Affects other substances Affects crystal form of ice

15. Ch 17: Weather and Climate Plants need _____ for photosynthesis Most organisms need ___ for cellular respiration All the gasses in the air are together called the __________________________: Gasses stay close to Earth because of _________________ Stronger closer to Earth, so more gas molecules

16. Layers of the Atmosphere

17. Stuff in the atmosphere Ozone Heat: originally from________ – radiation From Sun Back from Earth – Absorption Seasons: Different surfaces:

18. Stuff in the atmosphere: Water Greenhouse gas Clouds – Part of the water cycle – Different kinds associated with different weather

19. Water cycle (why work? KE, polarity, g)

20. Wind- why does air move? The Earth moves Convection currents Air Pressure and Pressure Differences

21. Global Winds: convection currents, Earth’s rotation, +friction

22. High and Low Pressure systems Lots of air sinking, because it’s cooling = more molecules in air = ____________ pressure Lots of air rising, because it’s warmer = less molecules in air = _____________ pressure

23. High + Low systems, air flow Things tend to move from _____ to ________ 1. Causes winds when large masses of air move from a large H to a large L 2. Around a high or low, air will move ________ a H and _________ from a L 3. Revolution of the Earth causes flowing air around a H or L to bend = Coriolis Effect

24. This is a lot of background info, when do we get to the hurricane stuff? Now--- or rather, Saturday, August 27 Hurricane Irene

25. Extreme Weather Thunderstorms Hail Tornados

26. Hurricanes http://www.brainpop.com/science/weatherandclimate/ http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/sevweath/swhoware.html Hurricanes form over _________ water with lots of evaporation. Kind of like a super __________ pressure system http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/sevweath/swdamage.html Hurricane damage is usually from: the hurricane force wind, __________, __________, or ________________ formed by the hurricane http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/mvmt.rxml Hurricanes move along usual global wind pathways, but lose power if they travel over land or into _________water

27. Climate Interactions between: – Biosphere – Atmosphere – Cryosphere – Hydrosphere – Lithosphere

28. Climatic differences Latitude Prevailing winds Precipitation

29. Climatic differences Oceans (and where they are wrt winds) Mountains

31. Changing Climates Seasonal changes Long Term changes

32. Global warming Sunspot cycles CO2 in the atmosphere + carbon cycle Ozone hole