1. Inhabitants of UNDERC

2. Biological Hierarchy Individuals Populations Communities Behavior Demography Diversity, Interactions

3. Individual Organisms: Behavior Variety of topics – Feeding – Fighting – Fornicating Habitat selection Home range and territoriality Sexual selection – Competition for mates – Mate choice

4. Population Ecology Demography – Births & deaths – Reproduction – Mortality Population growth models – Exponential growth r  intrinsic rate of natural increase – Logistic growth K  carrying capacity Life history strategies r vs. K selection – r selection Many low quality offspring “boom & bust” populations Short lifespan Highly productive – K selection Few high quality offspring Populations fairly constant Long lifespan Highly efficient – Continuum

5. Community Ecology Interactions between species – Competition – Predation – Parasitism – Mutualism Species diversity – Species richness – Evenness Patterns in species diversity – Theory of Island Biogeography – View some habitats as islands – Predict number of species Patch size Isolation from other patches

6. Arthropods Invertebrate vs. Insect Entomology

7. Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea Amphipoda, Isopods, fairy shrimp, Decopods (lobster) Class Diplopoda Millipedes Class Arachnida Scorpions, mites, ticks, spiders Class Insecta Order Orthoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Plecoptera…

9. Insect general info 840,000 insects; ~104,000 in North America Correct identification based on multiple characteristics: – General appearance (size, shape, color) – Form of body parts (antennae, legs, wings, bristles, etc.) – Location (habitat type, region) – Age (larva vs. adult) Usually requires use of hand lens or dissecting scope to see pertinent features

10. Insect Diversity Diptera: flies Coleoptera: beetles Lepidoptera: butterflies & moths Hymenoptera: bees & wasps Odonata: dragonflies Neuroptera: lacewings Orthoptera: grasshoppers & crickets Ephemeroptera: mayflies

11. Why are insects so diverse? Small body size – Allows separation of populations – Allows subdivision of resources Short generation times (r-selection) – Allows quick response to environmental heterogeneity – Allows quick recovery from disturbance Long history

12. Collecting

15. Lepidoptera Neuroptera Diptera

16. Coleoptera Diptera (Tipulidae)

19. Insect Ecology Module Dr. Tony Joern, Kansas State University Potential exercises – Patterns of moth diversity Island biogeography Blacklighting – Distribution and abundance of an insect herbivore Leaf miners Abiotic and biotic factors

20. Phylum Chordata Several classes of fish – Jawless fishes – Sharks and rays – Bony fish Class Amphibia (frogs, toads, salamanders) Class Testudines (turtles, tortoises) Class Lepidosauromorpha (snakes, lizards) Class Crocodilia (alligators, crocodiles) Class Aves (birds) Class Mammalia (mammals)

21. Class Amphibia Two stage life cycle – Aquatic larvae – Terrestrial adult Respiratory structures – Gills (larvae) – Lungs (adult) – Skin Mucous and poison skin glands Three-chambered heart Ectothermic Egg-layers – Must lay eggs in or near water Major groups – Caudata Salamanders – Anura Frogs and toads

22. Reptiles Shelled amniotic egg Skin hard and brittle Many have bony plates under scales Three-chambered heart Ectothermic Major groups – Turtles – Snakes

23. Herp Traps Pitfall traps – Useful for catching terrestrial arthropods and small mammals – Usually include drift fence to increase capture rate

24. Herpetology Module Dr. Michael Pfrender Lectures on ecology and phylogeny of herps Field exercises – Collection of herps from UNDERC lakes and vernal ponds

25. Class Aves Many orders of birds – Columbiformes: doves and pigeons – Falconiformes: diurnal birds of prey – Apodiformes: hummingbirds – Gruiformes: cranes and rails – Piciformes: woodpeckers – Strigiformes: owls – Anseriformes: ducks and geese – Galliformes: chickens and turkeys – Passeriformes: perching birds

26. Class Mammalia Many orders of mammals – Rodentia: rodents – Chiroptera: bats – Soricomorpha: shrews and moles – Carnivora: cats, dogs, bears, weasels, raccoons – Lagomorpha: rabbits – Artiodactyla: ungulates

27. Mist Nets

28. Mammal Traps Sherman traps Leg-hold traps Tomahawk traps

29. Noninvasive Techniques Bat Detectors Tracking Stations Scent Stations Observation Trailmaster Cameras

30. Ornithology/Mammalogy Module Lectures on ecology and conservation of birds and mammals Field exercises – Exciting morning exercies (birding, mammal trapping) – Fun night exercises (howl surveys, owling) – Radio telemetry Class projects – Bird diversity – Small mammal foraging behavior