1. THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS THIRD EDITION Copyright © 1998-2014, Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, 11549 USA. Jean-Paul.Rodrigue@hofstra.edu You may use the figures within for educational purposes only. No modification or redistribution permitted. For more information: http://people.hofstra.edu/geotranshttp://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans Chapter 2 – Transportation and the Spatial Structure APPLICATIONS

2. Usage Conditions DO NOT COPY, TRANSLATE OR REDISTRIBUTE THIS DOCUMENT. The contents of this document can be freely used for personal or classroom use ONLY. Although the material contained in this document is freely available, it is not public domain. Its contents, in whole or in part (including graphics and datasets), cannot be copied and published in ANY form (printed or electronic) without consent. If you have accessed this document through a third party (such as a content farm), keep in mind that this party is illegally redistributing this content. Please refer to the true source (http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans) instead of the third party.http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans Permission to use any graphic material herein in any form of publication, such as an article, a book or a conference presentation, on any media must be requested prior to use. Information cited from this document should be referred as: Rodrigue, J-P et al. (2013) The Geography of Transport Systems, Hofstra University, Department of Global Studies & Geography, http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans.http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

3. THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS THIRD EDITION Application 1 Transport Corridors in North America Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

4. Monthly Value of Surface Trade between the United States, Canada and Mexico, 1993-2007 (USD) Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

5. The North-American Container Port System and its Multi-Port Gateway Regions Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

6. Main Container Ports, Trade Corridors and Distribution Hubs in North America Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

7. Some North American Trade Corridor Initiatives Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

8. North American Rail Freight Transport System Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

9. Market Accessibility of Major North American Freight Distribution Clusters Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

10. Transit Times from Shanghai and North American Routing Options (in Days) Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use. 28 25 26 25 19 13 14 12 13 22 5 5 5 3 4 8 8 5 Vancouver Seattle / Tacoma Prince Rupert Oakland Los Angeles Lazaro Cardenas Panama Houston Savannah/Charleston Norfolk New York Chicago Dallas Atlanta Toronto

11. Share of the Northeast Asia – U.S. East Coast Route by Option Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

12. Factors Impacting North American Freight Distribution in View of the Panama Canal Expansion FactorImpacts Macroeconomic factors Aggregate demand changesLevel and composition of cargo. Structure of production changesRegionalization of production (NAFTA). Production shifts within Asia (e.g. Vietnam and Indonesia). Operational factors Economies of scale in shippingChanges in the frequency of services, port calls and network configuration. Shipping costs structure (e.g. tolls and fuel) Comparative advantages of respective routing options (landbridge, Suez, all-water). Competitive factors Response from East and West coast portsComparative advantages of port selection. New transshipment hubs. Response from railwaysComparative advantages of inland routes. Response from Suez Canal and transshipment hubs Comparative advantages of routing options. New gatewaysAdditional inland routing options (e.g. Prince Rupert and Lazaro Cardenas). Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.