1. GIS and 3D Printing ENGO 551 Special Topics in GIS Gloria UmbarilaKwame Asiedu David Townsend

2. Outline Objective Concepts – Data visualization – Inverse Geomatics? – What is 3D Printing? Projects: Africa, Coleville, Germany – General Workflow – Study Area, Data Resources – Where is this data from? What does it mean? – Transformation Steps – Results Challenges Conclusion

3. Objective Explore and showcase the combination of geospatial information, data visualization, data transformation and 3D Printing Show how this can aid in intuitive understanding of data, especially for non- experts

4. Data Visualization There are many ways to represent data visually – Example: Spreadsheet vs. Charts, Pie Charts, Histograms People can gain new insights of the data in visual forms – For example, trends are easier to spot in a line graph than a table Image source: Richard Giles, Creative Commons License Attribution: http://www.flickr.com/photos/richardgiles/69621586/#/

5. Data Visualization For example: Geospatial Visualization: – V. Seaman plotted fever outbreaks to help pinpoint the source of illness – This is a good example of being able to draw a better conclusion from visually-transformed data

6. Data Visualization 3D Visualization is one way to show data – Look at the extent to which people will go to see 3D We applied this idea of visualizing and transforming data into two of our studies to help us easily and efficiently draw meaningful conclusions

7. Inverse Geomatics? Undergraduate Geomatics exposes us to many types of data collection http://www.geomatics.ucalgary.ca/files/engo/DGE_Brochure_Folded_All_Programs.pdf http://dprg.geomatics.ucalgary.ca/system/files/AKAM_531_PPT_CH1_s_0.pdf

8. Inverse Geomatics? Indeed, Geomatics can arguably be described as converting the real world into information and manipulating this information http://www.tpub.com/engbas/13-7.htm http://www.geomatics.ucalgary.ca/files/engo/DGE_Brochure_Folded_All_Programs.pdf

9. Inverse Geomatics? We have so many tools for this process, but what if we want to go the other way? What options do we have?

10. Inverse Geomatics What options do we have to bring information to the real world? Jordan Dawe, CC Attrib: http://www.flickr.com/photos/freedryk/102789036/http://www.flickr.com/photos/freedryk/102789036/ Daniel Morris, CC Attrib: http://www.danielxmorris.comhttp://www.danielxmorris.com Printing Maps Physical Construction

11. What is 3D Printing? 3D Printing has been around since the 1980s Also called Additive Manufacturing and Rapid Prototyping It is getting more widespread and less expensive It works by adding layers of material at a time and fusing them together

12. What is 3D printing The advantages of 3D printing are: – Creating physical models Including shapes difficult to create with other methods – Shorter Design Cycle You can hold a prototype model in your hands in hours, allowing you to refine the design quickly Low start-up costs per-model compared to conventional mass-production techniques – It’s cool! You hold a model in your hands that you can see and touch!

13. Future of 3D printing Copyright Issues More accessible http://reprap.orghttp://www.makerbot.com/

14. Workflow: Acquire Data United States Geographic Survey Geoportal: EarthExplorer – Landsat Imagery – SRTM Topography Custom User Data Public Data Surveyed Data

15. Workflow: GIS Work Information needs to be georeferenced and reduced to area of study – Examples: Clipping Data; PAN-Sharpening; convert.xls coordinates to.shp; create TINs; georeference images and data

16. Workflow: Printing Preparation Used Open-Source program Blender Need to prepare the 3D files for printing

17. Workflow: Printing Preparation Requirements: – Models must be manifold (“watertight”) (Every edge must join exactly 2 faces) – Models have a minimum wall thickness (3mm for the colour material we chose)

18. Workflow: Printing Preparation Additional: – Add supporting legs and other geometry – Add color information using UV coordinates

19. Workflow: Shapeways Service Cost: Sandstone Material $0.99 / cm 3 WSF Nylon Material $1.50 / cm 3 Stainless Steel $10.00 / cm 3 Gets expensive fast for large models. (Volume increases with cube of radius)

20. Workflow: Receive Model

21. Application Our studies: Landscape: Forest in Germany Resource Extraction: Welldata from Coleville, Saskatchewan Health: Malaria data from Obuasi, Ghana

22. Study: German Forest Study Area: Region around Castle Neushwanstein, Germany

23. Study: German Forest Data used: – Landsat-7 ETM+ Imagery – Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

24. Blender

25. Final Results Oh No! Where’s the color?

26. Well Top Surfaces Study Area (Coleville)

27. The Data is from public Database and was Capture using GeoScout Raw DataSurfaces Datum: NAD27 Projection : UTM

28. The Data Represents the Depth of the Horizons that There are in the reservoir

29. The Data Means Physical Characteristics of the Reservoir for Each Horizon such as Permeability and porosity. HorizonsPermeability and Porosity

30. RESULTS PETREL

31. Colour Scale Porosity 0.07 0.1 0.14 0.18 0.13 0.06 0.02 Perm {mDarcy} 15 45 150 205 105 40 13

32. Final Printed Results

33. Study: Malaria in Obuasi Study Area

34. Study: Malaria in Obuasi

35. Color Scale – Incidence (Rate of illness per 1000 population) is normalized and converted to color scale

36. Final Printed Results

37. Challenges Acquiring Data Understanding the workflow and process Making printable models: – Problems with wall thickness and printability – Ensuring Color Data is actually saved

38. Conclusion Seeing and holding the results helps one to easily understand and interpret the data Although the process is much easier and more accessible than ever before, we still have a tradeoff: – Spend $1000s or $10,000s for a printer of your own – Wait a long time for services to manufacture and ship Expensive for even small models, cost is per unit of volume, volume goes up with size 3

39. Questions?