1. From Industrial Age to Imperialism
The Industrial Age
From Industrial Age to Imperialism

2. Various advances that assist trade
All weather roads (improve transportation)
Improved farm tools (iron plows)
Improved farming techniques (crop rotation)
Increased food production = increase in population
Improved ship design improves sea transportation and lowers cost of trade

3. Industrial Revolution (1750-1850)
CONDITIONS in England favor Industrial growth
Natural resources (coal, iron)
Human resources
Favorable economic conditions (available capital, stable economy)
Favorable political conditions
Favorable social/cultural conditions
New technology and inventive minds

4. Technological Advancements that helped produce the Industrial Revolution
Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves
Steam engine: James Watt
Cotton gin: Eli Whitney
Process for making steel: Henry Bessemer (Bessemer process)

5. Industrial development: Concepts
Places that are quick to industrialize will get ahead of those that do not
First places to industrialize will be the first to experience the NEGATIVE effects* of Industrialization
MISERY FESTERS
Benefits of industrial life will lead people to COMPROMISE to improve conditions
RISE of a new middle class, change, etc.
Do the benefits outweigh the negatives of Industrialization?

6. Negative Effects of Industrialization
Rapid urbanization (too fast for city infrastructure to handle)
Miserable living conditions (slums)
Miserable working conditions (factories)
Child Labor and Women (CHEAP)
*Emergence of radical ideas (utilitarianism, socialism, communism)
Imperialism, Westernization, ethnocentrism, racism, greed, and …WARS….to be continued!

7. Nature of work in the factory system
Family-based cottage industries displaced by the factory system
Harsh working conditions with men competing with women and children for wages
Child labor that kept costs of production low and profits high
Owners of mines and factories who exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers

9. Positive Effects of Industrialization
Urbanization in general (can be good too)
Population Increase (fewer people die as medicine gets better)
Standard of living increases (for many)
Improved transportation
Improved education (access and equity)
“Rise of the Middle Class” and …
….”PROGRESS” as a result of compromises between business owners and workers

10. Impact of Industrial Revolution on slavery
The cotton gin increased demand for slave labor on American plantations.
The United States and Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery.

11. Social effects of the Industrial Revolution
Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor
Introduction of reforms to end child labor
Expansion of education
Women’s increased demands for suffrage

12. Rise of labor unions
Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions
Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children
Wanted workers’ rights and collective bargaining between labor and management

13. Advancements in science and medicine
Discovery of bacteria: Louis Pasteur
Development of smallpox vaccination: Edward Jenner

15. Industrial revolution spreads….
Rising Economic Powers are all industrial
Each will want access and control over RAW MATERIALS and MARKETS
raw materials:
Markets:
Q: What might happen when industrial nations want what NON-industrial nations have? What effect will the “industrial vs. NON-industrial tension” have on the world?

16. IMPERIALISM
Definition: The domination of the political, economic or cultural life of another country
“A stronger, more powerful country takes over a weaker one”
Colonies
Protectorates
Spheres of influence

17. Imperialism Justified as the “White Man’s Burden” (Rudyard Kipling)
Idea that technologically advanced Europeans were morally and socially superior to natives of Asia, Africa, and the Americas
Colonies, Protectorates, and Spheres of Influence

18. Causes of Imperialism Economic causes:
Need for RESOURCES (coal, iron, cash crops, various other “RAW MATERIALS”)
Need for MARKETS
Remember Age of Exploration?
Remember Mercantilism?
Gold/Silver
Favorable balance of trade
Colonies for raw materials AND markets
Tariffs on imports from other countries

19. Causes of Imperialism
Technological: technology and scientific advances made it possible for “developed countries” to take over non-developed
“Developed” means:
Industrial
Modern
…aggressive

20. Military might follows the MONEY
Causes of Imperialism
Political/Military: need for military bases to protect financial investments and to establish political influence (international)
Military might follows the MONEY

21. Causes of Imperialism Social/Cultural:
Western arrogance and ideas of “saving” the world while profiting in the process
Social Darwinism
Racism
Christian Missionary zeal
Greed??

22. Imperialism
Imperialism spread economic, political, and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world.
Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed conflict and intellectual movements.

23. Colonies
This is an expensive form of imperialism in which a mother country sets up a bureaucracy to govern the locals. Under this form, rule can be either direct or indirect

24. Protectorates
In this form of imperialism, local rulers are left in place with the understanding that they would accept advice of rulers from abroad, especially on trade, military or cultural issues.

26. Spheres of influence
This is a form of imperialism in which an outside power claims exclusive trading or investment privileges in an area.

27. Imperialism in ASIA:

28. JAPANESE Imperialism

29. CHINA: Opium War 1839-1842 Economics of trade balance
Britain spent too much silver on Chinese imports
British East India Co. sold Opium to Chinese
Chinese lost the war and Hong Kong

30. China: Taiping Rebellion
Taiping Rebellion: led by Christian convert who thought he was Jesus’ little brother
Means “Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace”
14 year civil war with 20 million killed
Foreign powers came together to crush it

31. CHINA: Western spheres of influence
Extraterritoriality: Europeans living in China did not have to live by Chinese laws, but by their own nation’s laws
USA’s “Open Door Policy” declares equal access to China to all European nations…(AND the USA!)

32. CHINA: Boxer Rebellion
Shadow-boxing and the name “Society of the Harmonious Fists”
Another attempt to get foreigners OUT of China
Failed after allied foreign armies crushed them and demanded payment for damages

33. Imperialism in AFRICA

36. Imperialism in Africa and Asia
European domination
European conflicts carried to the colonies
Christian missionary efforts
Spheres of influence in China
Suez Canal – shortened the trip to India
East India Company’s domination of Indian states
American opening of Japan to trade

37. Famine in British India

38. Unit Concepts Review Enlightenment inspired revolutions
Conservative vs. Liberal Ideology
NATIONALISM
Industrial Revolution
Unification Movements
Capitalism, Socialism, Communism
Imperialism……pending world war
DO YOUR MAPS!!!!