2. Applications of Diffraction and Interference of Light By: Karen Cooper

3. Applications: Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, Holograms, Spectroscopy, and Astronomy

4. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

5. 1986- Swedish Academy of Arts and Sciences split its Nobel Prize in physics, half to Ernst Ruska (electron microscope) and the other half to Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig for their invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). STM- a mechanism that allows the examination of individual atoms on the surface of solids

6. Past Gave scientists the ability to explore and manipulate solid surfaces on the size scale of atoms. Helped discover fullerenes- spherical carbon molecules.

7. Quantum Corrals. N.d. IBM Almaden Research Cente. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011..

8. Present Detects the flow of electrons industrial and fundamental research to obtain atomic-scale images of metal surfaces

9. Slippery. 2005. Scanning Tunneling Microscope. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011..

10. Future To allow people to bring a "specimen" to a scanned probe microscope lab, put on a head-set designed for virtual reality, and stand among friends on a landscape of molecules resting on the specimen's surface. Every few seconds, the surface will ripple a bit, as the scanning probe tip passes by.

11. Holograms

12. Holography involves two basic steps: (1) creating a hologram and (2) illuminating the hologram to display the image.

13. Holographic Violin. 14 Mar. 2011. Hologram Holography Technology. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011..

14. Past originally a sci-fi concept back when Star Wars previewed such technology electron microscopy

15. Holographic Leia. N.d. IT-Networks. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011..

16. Present Used in credit cards to prevent counterfeiting Appear in advertising displays, artwork, product packaging, and jewelry Used to detect flaws in tires, lenses, airplane wings, and other products Used in lasers and electron microscopy

17. Kevin. Doctor-on-a-Chip. 5 Jan. 2009. Bench Press. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011..

18. Future 3D motion hologram for TVs 3D holographic projectors for phones Holographic 3D movies holographic gaming

19. Obi-Wan watching Hologram. N.d. PARMAN'S PAGE: Space News Update. N.p., 1 Jan. 2005. Web. 16 Mar. 2011..

20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEI4UPPB sSo&feature=player_embedded http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEI4UPPB sSo&feature=player_embedded http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnkoLrZQI HU&feature=player_embedded http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnkoLrZQI HU&feature=player_embedded

21. Spectroscopy

22. Began work with Sir Isaac Newton(late 1600’s)

23. Past Used to determine what chemical elements are in a star Used to study radio waves

24. Present Reveal the speed and direction of stars Used to learn more about a material’s composition or structure Used to obtain images of tissues inside a body

25. Future detection in clinical chemistry metabolic studies and continuous monitoring detection of lower concentrations of biological compounds

26. Astronomy

27. Astronomers observe the sky with telescopes of different kinds that gather not only visible light but also invisible forms of energy, such as radio waves.

29. Past Used in telescopes to detect visible light and other forms of radiation emitted from celestial objects Used to tell how dense an object (such as the Moon) is

31. Present Radio astronomy Telescopes- produces “pictures” of astronomical objects Used to reveal the speed and direction of a star

33. Future Improve radio astronomy Improve modern astronomical observation Predict the future structure of the universe

34. Works Cited Zitzewitz, Paul W. Physics Principles and Problems. 2002 ed. New York: Glencoe, 2002. Print. ETC. "Scanning Tunneling Microscopes (STM) - History, Overview of Analysis Methods and Future Developments." The A to Z of Nanotechnology. N.p., 24 Aug. 2005. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Bellis, Mary. "Scanning Tunneling Microscope - STM." About.com Inventors. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Oakes, Elizabeth H. "Binnig, Gerd." Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Oakes, Elizabeth H. "Rohrer, Heinrich." Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Fraundorf, Phil. Scanning Tunneling Microscope. McGraw-Hill, 16 Apr. 2005. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Feinberg, Jack. "Holography." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2011. Web. 16 Mar. 2011. Julia. "3D Holograms Soon To Come." TechDIN. N.p., 5 Nov. 2010. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. "History." Hologram Holography Technology. N.p., 14 Mar. 2011. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. "Laser technology." Hologram Holography Technology. N.p., 14 Mar. 2011. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Santos-Tura, Rem. "3D holographic projectors for phones from Nokia and Intel." 3DGuy.TV. N.p., 1 Sept. 2010. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Konker07. IPHONE Hologram. Youtube.com. N.p., 29 June 2008. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Gesteffa. Holographic Google Earth. Youtube.com. N.p., 2 July 2005. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Levillain, P. "Trends in Spectroscopic Methods for Clinical Chemistry." Pure & Appl. Chem., 63.8: 1081-1082, Rpt. in Pure & Appl. Chem. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Trends in spectroscopic methods for clinical chemistry. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. "Electromagnetic Radiation (Light)." Cliff Notes. Wiley Publishing, Inc., 2011. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Pasachoff, Jay M. "Astronomy." World Book Advanced. World Book, 2011. Web. 16 Mar. 2011. Quantum Corrals. N.d. IBM Almaden Research Cente. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Holographic Violin. 14 Mar. 2011. Hologram Holography Technology. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Slippery. 2005. Scanning Tunneling Microscope. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Holographic Leia. N.d. IT-Networks. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Kevin. Doctor-on-a-Chip. 5 Jan. 2009. Bench Press. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2011.. Obi-Wan watching Hologram. N.d. PARMAN'S PAGE: Space News Update. N.p., 1 Jan. 2005. Web. 16 Mar. 2011..