1. An Action research Project By Onekqua N. Henry Education 702.22 Spring 2010

2.  Research Design  Threats to Internal Validity  Threats to External Validity  Proposed Data  Proposed Data Analysis  References

3.  Pre-Experimental: One shot case study  Single group exposed to a treatment (X) and post tested (O)  Symbolic Design: XO

4.  Only five students  Exposed to a treatment  No control group  No Pretest  Post tested  Fits into the one-shot case study, cannot fit into other designs where there are 2 groups

5.  History- Classroom distractions, Inclement weather outside, fire & Intruder drills.  Maturation -Excitement of listening to songs and writing wears off, and writing productivity declines.  Instrumentation- Students bored with writing after listening to music & write less, tired of answering surveys & rush answers.  Mortality- Student moves in the middle of ARP, research can be highly inflated.  Selection-Maturation Interaction -Both boys and girls in the study. Girls more mature, one boy held back 1 ½ older than the rest of students.

6.  Ecological Validity- Cannot generalize to other environments.  Selection Treatment Interaction- students not randomly chosen all picked by researcher.  Experimenter Effects-Passive elements Experimenters age Gender  Reactive arrangements/participants effects- only five students from researchers own classroom. Possible Hawthorne effect

7. Student 1 Student 2Student 3 Student 4Student 5 Session 1 110140150143161 Session 2 127135158147157 Session 3 130144170155174 Session 4 141156211169187 Session 5 157200213176191

8. Correlation between students perceived writing productivity after exposure to music and average number of words written. Post survey question 3. I write longer paragraphs after exposed to music. * Fair positive correlation 0.69 There was a correlation between students exposure to music and number of words written.

9.  The bar graph comparing the number of words written per session per student after being exposed to music shows that when exposed to music the number of words written generally increases.  There is a correlation between students exposed to music and the average number of words written. Conclusion: When exposed to music the number of words students write increases as does their own perception of writing productivity increases.

10. O’Connor – Petrusso, S.,(2008) Stat.scales.analyses.threats.design.ppt.